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Base, Percentage, and Rate

C. 30

The base is the total number of pupils in the class. Since there are a total of 30 pupils, the correct answer is the letter C. 30. The other options cannot be the answer because 3 represents the percentage, 10% represents the rate, and 35 is not part of the problem.

Definitions of Base, Percentage, and Rate

• Base is the 100% or the whole. It is the amount where you take a percent of. To find the base, you have to divide the percentage by the rate. (base = percentage ÷ rate) If you try this formula to the given problem above, divide 3 by 10% to get 30.

• Percentage refers to the part of the base or the whole which is determined by the rate. When finding the percentage, you have to multiply the base and the rate. (percentage = base × rate) Going back to the problem, multiply 30 by 10% to get 3.

• Rate refers to the ratio of the percentage to the base. Remember that it is the number written with the percent sign (%). To find the rate, divide the percentage by the rate and times by 100. (rate = percentage ÷ base × 100) In the problem above, it is 3 divided by 30 times 100 to get 10%.

Examples of word problems in finding the percentage:

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Examples of word problems in finding the rate:

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