Answer: Effects of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on living and non-living things:

1. Effects on living things:

- Earthquakes can cause physical injuries or death to humans and animals.

- Volcanic eruptions can lead to the loss of habitat for plants and animals, resulting in displacement or extinction.

- Lava flows and ash fall can damage crops and affect food sources for humans and animals.

- Toxic gases emitted during volcanic eruptions can cause respiratory problems for living things.

2. Effects on non-living things:

- Earthquakes can damage buildings, roads, and other infrastructure.

- Volcanic eruptions can cause landslides, mudflows, and avalanches that can damage property and infrastructure.

- Ash fall can affect transportation systems, including air travel.

- Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can trigger tsunamis that can cause extensive damage to coastal areas.

Beneficial effects of volcanic eruptions:

- Volcanic eruptions can create new land and add nutrients to the soil, which can be beneficial for plant growth.

- Volcanic ash can act as a natural fertilizer, increasing soil fertility.

- Geothermal energy can be harnessed from volcanic activity for power generation.

- Volcanic eruptions can create new opportunities for tourism and recreation, such as visiting volcanic landscapes and hot springs.

Harmful effects of volcanic eruptions:

- Lava flows and pyroclastic flows can destroy buildings and infrastructure.

- Ash fall can damage crops and harm respiratory health of living things.

- Volcanic gases such as sulfur dioxide can cause acid rain, which can harm aquatic life and vegetation.

- Volcanic eruptions can trigger landslides and mudflows that can cause extensive damage to property and infrastructure.

Explanation: