The (1) atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. It is composed of (2) nitrogen, (3) oxygen, and (4) trace amounts of other gases. The five layers of the atmosphere are (5) troposphere, (6) stratosphere, (7) mesosphere, (8) thermosphere, and (9) exosphere. The energy transfer from the atmosphere occurs through (10) conduction, (11) convection, and (12) radiation.
Explanation:
The term being referred to here is the atmosphere, which is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth.
Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, making up approximately 78% of its composition.
Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere, accounting for around 21% of the total composition.
Besides nitrogen and oxygen, the atmosphere contains trace amounts of other gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and noble gases.
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, extending from the Earth's surface up to an average altitude of about 12 kilometers.
The stratosphere is located above the troposphere and extends from about 12 kilometers to around 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface.
The mesosphere is the layer above the stratosphere and extends from around 50 kilometers to about 85 kilometers above the Earth's surface.
The thermosphere is the layer above the mesosphere and extends from about 85 kilometers to around 600 kilometers above the Earth's surface.
The exosphere is the outermost layer of the atmosphere, merging with the vacuum of space. It extends from about 600 kilometers upwards.
Conduction refers to the transfer of heat or energy through direct contact between objects or substances.
Convection involves the transfer of heat or energy through the movement of fluids, such as air or water, caused by temperature differences.
Radiation signifies the transfer of heat or energy in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as sunlight reaching the Earth's surface.
These terms describe various components and processes related to the Earth's atmosphere and the transfer of energy within it.
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Answer:
The (1) atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained by Earth's gravity. It is composed of (2) nitrogen, (3) oxygen, and (4) trace amounts of other gases. The five layers of the atmosphere are (5) troposphere, (6) stratosphere, (7) mesosphere, (8) thermosphere, and (9) exosphere. The energy transfer from the atmosphere occurs through (10) conduction, (11) convection, and (12) radiation.
Explanation:
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