In some plants, the roots become fleshy due to the absorption of food material. The aerial parts of these plants worn out due to unfavourable conditions. When the conditions are favourable again new buds emerge either from the fleshy root or from a small bit of stem above.
For eg., the taproots of carrot and turnip get swollen to store food.
Depending upon their shapes, they are classified as;
Conical roots are broad at the base and conical at the apex, eg., carrot
Fusiform roots are swollen in the middle and tapering towards both the ends, eg., radish
Napiform roots are spherical at the base and taper towards the apex, eg., turnip
Tuberous roots have no specific shape. They appear thick and fleshy, eg., 4’O clock plant.
In some halophytes such as Rhizophora that grow in swampy areas, the roots emerge out of the ground and grow upwards to get oxygen for respiration. The root tips of these plants have minute pores called lenticels through which they respire.
Roots of the leguminous plants are modified into root nodules which contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Rhizobium. They help in fixing the atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates and make it available to the plant.
Prop Roots: These roots develop from the branches of the tree, hang downwards, and penetrate into the ground thereby supporting the tree. Eg., roots of the banyan tree.
Stilt Roots: These roots grow obliquely from the basal node of the stem. Eg., roots of the sugarcane.
Climbing Roots: These roots arise from the nodes and attach themselves to some support to climb over it. Thus they provide support to the plant. Eg., Money plant
Clinging Roots: These roots enter the crevices of some support and fix the plant. Eg., epiphytes orchids
Buttress Roots: These are vertically elongated basal part of the stem which spread in different directions in the soil. These are horizontally compressed and appear like planks. Eg., Bombax.
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Explanation:
In some plants, the roots become fleshy due to the absorption of food material. The aerial parts of these plants worn out due to unfavourable conditions. When the conditions are favourable again new buds emerge either from the fleshy root or from a small bit of stem above.
For eg., the taproots of carrot and turnip get swollen to store food.
Depending upon their shapes, they are classified as;
Conical roots are broad at the base and conical at the apex, eg., carrot
Fusiform roots are swollen in the middle and tapering towards both the ends, eg., radish
Napiform roots are spherical at the base and taper towards the apex, eg., turnip
Tuberous roots have no specific shape. They appear thick and fleshy, eg., 4’O clock plant.
In some halophytes such as Rhizophora that grow in swampy areas, the roots emerge out of the ground and grow upwards to get oxygen for respiration. The root tips of these plants have minute pores called lenticels through which they respire.
Roots of the leguminous plants are modified into root nodules which contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as Rhizobium. They help in fixing the atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates and make it available to the plant.
Prop Roots: These roots develop from the branches of the tree, hang downwards, and penetrate into the ground thereby supporting the tree. Eg., roots of the banyan tree.
Stilt Roots: These roots grow obliquely from the basal node of the stem. Eg., roots of the sugarcane.
Climbing Roots: These roots arise from the nodes and attach themselves to some support to climb over it. Thus they provide support to the plant. Eg., Money plant
Clinging Roots: These roots enter the crevices of some support and fix the plant. Eg., epiphytes orchids
Buttress Roots: These are vertically elongated basal part of the stem which spread in different directions in the soil. These are horizontally compressed and appear like planks. Eg., Bombax.
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