Answer:

1: Clearly define the role of school leaders in crisis response

A key insight from our survey was that school leaders strongly feel responsible for ensuring the welfare of their students during this crisis. This sense of responsibility can be further utilized to support their communities. It is critical that governments set clear guidelines on what is expected of school leaders and well as providing support and resources required to perform their roles.

2: Enlist school leaders to lead the process to re-open schools

When schools eventually re-open, we expect that school leaders will face a high burden in quickly creating safe and healthy learning spaces for their students. Drawing on the literature that focuses on schools emerging from disasters, we believe that leaders will have to address the following factors:

Mental health and wellbeing challenges among teachers and students who may have suffered from anxiety, depression, isolation or malnutrition. School leaders will have to be trained in identifying symptoms of these challenges and in lay practitioner methods to address these.

Learning losses among children - we anticipate these losses to be more severe in schools that were of lower quality, as the base of learning among students would already have been lower. Rapid remedial lessons with competency-based grouping may be the answer to this challenge, but this will require additional support for leaders and teachers.

Explanation: