COVID-19 is a mega-pandemic, if ever there was one. No other outbreak, even if it was called a pandemic by the World Health Organization, affected people in as many countries as this one has. Nothing in my lifetime (and I am 55 now) has ever caused the world to shut down. Every country that has tried to follow a different path, calibrated or otherwise, has discovered that a shutdown is inevitable. The impact was so swift and widespread that we were forced to learn new lessons and rediscover the value of some old ones much to our chagrin. Here are 11 lessons that we re-discovered or learnt. The list is by no means exhaustive but provides food for thought.

Shutdown works: Ebola didn’t kill millions when it occurred because the shutdown of the affected area was prompt and complete. Yet we did not learn. On this occasion we have experienced responses from world leaders that range from measured to downright idiotic. This let the virus spread throughout the world and turn vibrant cities into ghost towns. People had to be confined to their homes, factories had to be closed and the economy took a huge hit. In each geography the only step that finally snapped the spread of the virus was a shutdown. Those who did it promptly, like Bhilwara in Rajasthan, recovered rapidly. Therefore it is fair to ask the questions, “why were nations so cavalier in our approach”, “why did we forget what we had learnt from Ebola, SARS, and MERS” and “what will it take for us not to make the same mistakes again”.

Answer:

In order to estimate the frictional head loss in a pipe 1 m in diameter, through

which castor oil of specific gravity 0.96 and dynamic viscosity 9.9 poise, is to

be transported at the rate of 5000 litres per second, a test was conducted on

a pipe of diameter 50 mm using water at 15°C as the model fluid. Calculate

the discharge required for the model pipe.

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