Answer:

MELODY - (Line, Space)

Melody—A succession of single tones or pitches that are perceived to be unified.

DYNAMICS - (Emphasis, Subordination, Value)

Dynamics—Designations for the relative loudness or quietness of music.

· Pianissimo, Piano, Mezzo-piano, Forte, Fortissimo

· Crescendo—The dynamic effect of gradually growing louder

· Decrescendo—The dynamic effect of gradually growing softer.

· Sforzando —A sudden stress or accent on a single note or chord.

TIMBRE - (Color)

Timbre—The quality of a sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another. Also called "tone color."

Characteristics of Timbre:

· Voices—The standard voice types are: (female) soprano, mezzo-soprano, alto; (male) tenor, baritone, and bass.

RHYTHM - (Rhythm, Pattern, Repetition, Time)

Rhythm—The element of time in music.

HARMONY - (Balance)

Harmony —The simultaneous combination of notes and the ensuing relationships of intervals and chords.

TEXTURE - (Texture)

Texture—The interweaving of melodic (horizontal) and harmonic elements in the musical fabric.

Generally described as:

· Monophonic one voice/part presents a single melody.

Heterophonic: Two or more voices/parts elaborate on the same melody simultaneously.

· Homophonic: principle melody and accompanying harmony.

· Polyphonic: two or more melodies combine into a multi-voiced texture.

FORM - (Shape, Form)

Form—The structure or shape of a musical work, based on repetition, contrast, and variation; the organizing principle of music.

Characteristics of Form:

· Repetition—Within a form, repetition fixes the material in our mind and satisfies our need for the familiar; it provides unity to a form. (Pattern)

· Contrast—Within a form, contrast sustains our interest and feeds our love of change. (Variety)

Variation—A principle in which some aspects of the music are altered but still recognizable.

Repetition, variation, and contrast are the foundational procedures on which music composition rests.

· Theme—A melodic idea used as a basic building block in the construction of a composition. There are a variety of ways to create thematic development (motive, sequence, ostinato).

Motive—A small, thematic fragment that constitutes a melodic-rhythmic unit.

Sequence—A restatement of an idea at a higher or lower pitch level.

Ostinato—A short musical pattern – melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic- that is repeated persistently throughout a work or major section of a composition.

In this example, a short (four-note) descending pattern in the bass is heard throughout under the voices.

Explanation:

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