Answer:

a) Population momentum

Explanation:

Population momentum is the primary reason for the projected increase in India's population. It occurs when a large proportion of the population is in the reproductive age group, leading to a high number of births even with declining fertility rates.

In India, although fertility rates have been decreasing, the large number of people in the reproductive age group contributes to population growth. Even with fewer children per woman, the population continues to increase because of the large base of potential parents.

This population momentum is driven by factors such as improvements in healthcare, increased life expectancy, and better sanitation, which reduce mortality rates and contribute to population growth.

In summary, the projected increase in India's population is primarily due to population momentum, which occurs when a large proportion of the population is in the reproductive age group, resulting in a high number of births despite declining fertility rates.

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The increase in India's population from 1.2 billion to an estimated 1.6 billion by 2050 is primarily due to:

• a) Population momentum

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• Population momentum refers to the continued population growth that occurs even after fertility rates decline. In India's case, while fertility rates have been decreasing, there is still a large cohort of young people who are entering their reproductive years. As they have children, this contributes to population growth, despite the declining birth rates. This phenomenon is known as population momentum and is a significant factor in India's projected population increase.

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