Answer:

Analogy -a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.

2.) Part to whole, cause and effect, person to situation, synonym, antonym, geography, measurement, time

3.) An analogy requires us to identify similar relationships between dissimilar objects. Word analogies can be written like this: 'Under is to over as fast is to slow. ' The words 'under' and 'over' are related to each other because they are opposites, just like the words 'fast' and slow