Answer:

How is tuberculosis transmitted?

1. Inhalation of airborne droplets containing the bacteria.

2. Prolonged close contact with an infected person.

3. Rarely through contaminated objects or surfaces.

4. Rarely through ingestion of unpasteurized milk.

5. Rarely from mother to child during childbirth or breastfeeding.

How is Dengue transmitted?

1. Through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes.

2. Mosquitoes become infected by biting a person with dengue.

3. Infected mosquitoes transmit the virus to other people.

4. Not directly transmitted from person to person.

5. Rarely through vertical transmission from mother to fetus.

How is Alipunga transmitted?

1. Direct contact with infested soil or sand.

2. Walking barefoot on infested soil or sand.

3. Close proximity to infested animals.

4. Sharing contaminated bedding or clothing.

5. Poor hygiene and sanitation practices in communities.

Explanation:

Certainly! Here are the explanations in a bit more detail:

How is tuberculosis transmitted?

1. Inhalation of airborne droplets: When an infected person with active tuberculosis coughs, sneezes, or talks, they release tiny droplets containing the bacteria into the air. If a healthy person inhales these droplets, they can become infected.

2. Prolonged close contact: Spending a lot of time in close proximity to an infected person increases the risk of transmission. This can occur within households, workplaces, or other confined spaces where there is continuous exposure to the bacteria.

3. Contaminated objects or surfaces: Although less common, tuberculosis bacteria can survive on surfaces for a short period. If a person touches these contaminated surfaces and then touches their mouth, nose, or eyes, they may become infected.

4. Ingestion of unpasteurized milk: In rare cases, tuberculosis can be transmitted through the consumption of unpasteurized milk from infected cows. This mode of transmission is relatively uncommon.

5. Mother-to-child transmission: While rare, a pregnant woman with active tuberculosis can pass the bacteria to her unborn child during childbirth or through breastfeeding.

How is Dengue transmitted?

1. Mosquito bite: Dengue is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, particularly Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes become infected when they bite a person who already has dengue fever.

2. Mosquito as a carrier: Once infected, the mosquito can transmit the dengue virus to other people it bites. The virus replicates within the mosquito's body and can be passed on during subsequent bites.

3. No direct person-to-person transmission: Dengue cannot be directly transmitted from one person to another. It requires the involvement of mosquitoes as intermediate carriers.

4. Vertical transmission: In rare cases, a pregnant woman infected with dengue can transmit the virus to her fetus during pregnancy or delivery. This is known as vertical transmission.

5. No transmission through casual contact: Dengue is not spread through casual contact, such as touching, hugging, or kissing an infected person.

How is Alipunga transmitted?

1. Direct contact with infested soil or sand: Alipunga, also known as tungiasis or jigger infestation, is caused by female sand fleas. These fleas burrow into the skin, usually in the feet, when a person comes into direct contact with infested soil or sand.

2. Walking barefoot on infested soil or sand: Walking without proper footwear on soil or sand infested with sand fleas increases the risk of infestation.

3. Close proximity to infested animals: Sand fleas can infest animals, and if humans come into close contact with these infested animals, the fleas can transfer to humans.

4. Sharing contaminated bedding or clothing: If bedding or clothing is infested with sand fleas, sharing these items with infested individuals can lead to transmission.

5. Poor hygiene and sanitation practices: In communities with limited access to clean water and proper sanitation facilities, maintaining good hygiene becomes challenging. This can contribute to the spread of alipunga.