The terms homogeneity and heterogeneity are used to describe the uniformity and regularity in spatial distribution of geomaterial properties in natural subsurface systems. Homogeneity means spatially uniform-distributed properties. In natural systems, geological media are almost always heterogeneous. That is, their physical and (bio)geochemical properties vary spatially. Spatial heterogeneity can refer to both physical and geochemical properties. Physical properties include mineral grain size, porosity, and permeability / conductivity. Geochemical properties include, for example, mineral types, lithology, mineral surface area, and cation exchange capacity. Figure 2 shows a picture of an outcrop with layers of different types of geomaterials from the Macrodispersion site (MADE) in Columbia, Mississippi (Zheng and Gorelick, 2003).
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