Answer:

Coulomb’s Law

Coulomb’s Law gives an idea about the force between two point charges. By the word point charge, we mean that in physics, the size of linear charged bodies is very small as against the distance between them. Therefore, we consider them as point charges as it becomes easy for us to calculate the force of attraction/ repulsion between them.

Coulomb's Law

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, a French physicist in 1784, measured the force between two point charges and he came up with the theory that the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the charges. He also found that this force is directly proportional to the product of charges (magnitudes only).

We can show it with the following explanation. Let’s say that there are two charges q1 and q2. The distance between the charges is ‘r’, and the force of attraction/repulsion between them is ‘F’. Then

F ∝ q1q2

Or, F ∝ 1/r2

F = k q1q2/ r2

where k is proportionality constant and equals to 1/4 π ε0. Here, ε0 is the epsilon naught and it signifies permittivity of a vacuum. The value of k comes 9 × 109 Nm2/ C2 when we take the S.I unit of value of ε0 is 8.854 × 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2.

According to this theory, like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. This means charges of same sign will push each other with repulsive forces while charges with opposite signs will pull each other with attractive force.

Hope it's helpful to you.

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