Answer:

Level 1

The lowest level of biosafety, level one, relates to work with agents that represent a minimum risk to laboratory personnel and the environment and do not routinely cause disease in healthy humans. These agents are often studied on ordinary open laboratory benches without the use of special containment equipment. BSL 1 labs are typically not segregated from the rest of the building. The lab employees, who are overseen by a certified microbiologist or scientist, receive training on the specific techniques.

Level 2

Work with agents associated with human disease, or pathogenic or infectious organisms offering a moderate risk, would fall under biosafety category two. When performing standard diagnostic procedures or working with clinical specimens, examples include equine encephalitis viruses and HIV. As a result, in addition to the basic microbiological practices of BSL 1, special care is taken to prevent percutaneous harm (needlesticks, cuts, and other breaches of the skin), ingestion, and mucous membrane exposures due to their potential to induce human disease. Sharps that have been contaminated are handled with utmost caution. It is required to use disposable syringe-needle units and puncture-resistant sharps containers. Direct handling of shattered glassware is banned, and all sharps must be decontaminated before disposal. The written biosafety handbook for the laboratory specifies any required vaccines (e.g., hepatitis B vaccine or tuberculosis skin tests) and whether serum banking is required for at-risk lab staff. The lab's access is more restricted than in BSL 1 facilities. Immunocompromised, immunosuppressed, and other people at high risk of infection may be denied admission at the laboratory director's discretion.

Level 3

Agents requiring biosafety level 3 techniques and containment include yellow fever, St. Louis encephalitis, and West Nile virus. Work with these agents is carefully regulated and requires registration with all relevant government entities. These are indigenous or exotic agents that can cause serious or fatal disease through aerosol transmission, i.e., simple particle or droplet inhalation. These agents' pathogenicity and communicability influence the next level of protective procedures and barriers. Add even more strict access control and disinfection of all wastes, including lab gear before laundering, within the lab facility to all BSL 2 practices and equipment. Baseline serum samples are taken from all lab employees and other at-risk personnel as needed.

Level 4

Agents requiring BSL 4 facilities and techniques are exceedingly hazardous and offer a significant risk of disease transmission. The Ebola virus, the Lassa virus, and any agent with unclear toxicity and transmission hazards are examples. These facilities offer the highest level of security and containment. We add standards for complete clothes change before entering, a shower on exit, and decontamination of all materials before to exiting the facility to the BSL 3 practices.

Explanation:

Levels of biosafety 1, 2, 3, and 4

Biological safety levels are numbered from one to four and are chosen based on the agents or organisms being studied or worked on. Each level above adds limits and barriers to the preceding level.

Carry on learning