For standard heat of reaction, AH, the values of temperature, pressure( if gases) and and concentration (if aqueous solution) are ----------,------------. and ------------- respectively.
The standard heat of reaction (ΔH°) is typically measured under specific conditions to provide a consistent reference point for comparing chemical reactions. These conditions are:
1. Temperature: The standard temperature for measuring ΔH° is 25°C (298.15 K). This is a common reference temperature for standard enthalpy changes.
2. Pressure (if gases are involved): The standard pressure is 1 bar, which is equivalent to 100 kPa or approximately 0.9869 atmospheres (atm). In some cases, you might see standard enthalpy changes measured at 1 atm, but 1 bar is more widely used.
3. Concentration (if aqueous solutions are involved): The standard state for aqueous solutions is typically defined as 1 M (1 molar) concentration for each solute. This means that for aqueous solutions, the standard state is 1 M concentration for all species involved in the reaction.
So, in summary, the standard conditions for measuring the standard heat of reaction (ΔH°) are 25°C, 1 bar pressure (or 1 atm in some cases), and 1 M concentration for aqueous solutions. These conditions provide a consistent basis for comparing enthalpy changes in various chemical reactions.
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The standard heat of reaction (ΔH°) is typically measured under specific conditions to provide a consistent reference point for comparing chemical reactions. These conditions are:
1. Temperature: The standard temperature for measuring ΔH° is 25°C (298.15 K). This is a common reference temperature for standard enthalpy changes.
2. Pressure (if gases are involved): The standard pressure is 1 bar, which is equivalent to 100 kPa or approximately 0.9869 atmospheres (atm). In some cases, you might see standard enthalpy changes measured at 1 atm, but 1 bar is more widely used.
3. Concentration (if aqueous solutions are involved): The standard state for aqueous solutions is typically defined as 1 M (1 molar) concentration for each solute. This means that for aqueous solutions, the standard state is 1 M concentration for all species involved in the reaction.
So, in summary, the standard conditions for measuring the standard heat of reaction (ΔH°) are 25°C, 1 bar pressure (or 1 atm in some cases), and 1 M concentration for aqueous solutions. These conditions provide a consistent basis for comparing enthalpy changes in various chemical reactions.
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