( 1 ) Physical Nature :Ionic compounds are generally solid in nature and there is high intermolecular bond between the atoms .
( 2 ) Melting and boiling point :Since they are solid in state their Melting and Boiling is point is high.
( 3 ) Conduction of electricity:Since all the ions are bonded strongly, no free ions are there for the conduction of electricity. But in the molten or aquous state they does conduct electricity.
( 4 ) Solubility: Electrovalent compounds are generally soluble in Polar solvents such as water and insoluble in non polar solvents such as benzene , tetrachloride , ether etc.
: [tex] \implies[/tex] The ionic compounds form a strong lattice due to strong electrostatic force operating over longer distances. Higher energy is required to disrupt their physical structure and as a result, ionic compounds usually have a very high melting point and boiling point
: [tex] \implies[/tex] The electrostatic attraction of the ionic bonds helps them in organising crystal structures. Crystal structures are arrangements of ions in repetitive units extended in three dimensions. This makes ionic solids highly dense.
: [tex] \implies[/tex] The Ionic crystals are however quite brittle. Applying pressure from outside, such as hammering, pushes the atoms too close to each which results in strong repulsive force. This increases their brittleness.
: [tex] \implies[/tex] The Ionic forces are non-directional, i.e, the electrostatic forces act in all directions equally. Ionic compounds do not have any isomers because the compounds are non-directional as well. The crystal lattice which is the unit arrangement of ions repeats in all directions equally and hence appears the same from all dimensions.
: [tex] \implies[/tex] The Ionic crystals are however quite brittle. Applying pressure from outside, such as hammering, pushes the atoms too close to each which results in strong repulsive force. This increases their brittleness.
★More to Know :
The Ionic bonds are formed between two elements with considerable differences in electronegativity.
A highly electronegative element and an electropositive element come together to form ionic bond.
The Ionic bonds are formed as a result of electrostatic attraction between the two elements. It involves complete transference of electrons from one element to the other.
The Ionic compounds are mostly formed by the combination of metals and non-metals. Metals are highly electropositive in nature and nonmetals are electronegative; the transfer of electrons is complete between metals and non-metals, as a result they form a strong ionic bond.
➜ Let’s take for example NaCl, the electronic configuration of sodium 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹ indicates a single electron in the outermost shell, and chlorine 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵ has one electron short of completing its octet. Sodium completely transfers its valence of electron to chlorine
Na → N a + + e - C l + e - → C l -
➜ That satisfies the octet of sodium and chlorine, and both form an ionic bond. The resulting compound is sodium chloride NaCl known as rock salt.
The constituents of ionic compounds i.e. oppositely charged particles are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
Therefore, a large amount of heat is supplied to separate the constituents from their lattice. So to melt or boil ionic compounds a large amount of lattice energy is needed. Hence, electrovalent or ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points.
The Ions are formed when an atom or molecule has a net charge. They can have a net negative charge or a positive charge. Oppositely charged species attract each other. Ionic bond is formed due to electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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Properties of Ionic compounds:
( 1 ) Physical Nature : Ionic compounds are generally solid in nature and there is high intermolecular bond between the atoms .
( 2 ) Melting and boiling point : Since they are solid in state their Melting and Boiling is point is high.
( 3 ) Conduction of electricity: Since all the ions are bonded strongly, no free ions are there for the conduction of electricity. But in the molten or aquous state they does conduct electricity.
( 4 ) Solubility: Electrovalent compounds are generally soluble in Polar solvents such as water and insoluble in non polar solvents such as benzene , tetrachloride , ether etc.
REQUIRED ANSWER :
: [tex] \implies[/tex] The ionic compounds form a strong lattice due to strong electrostatic force operating over longer distances. Higher energy is required to disrupt their physical structure and as a result, ionic compounds usually have a very high melting point and boiling point
: [tex] \implies[/tex] The electrostatic attraction of the ionic bonds helps them in organising crystal structures. Crystal structures are arrangements of ions in repetitive units extended in three dimensions. This makes ionic solids highly dense.
: [tex] \implies[/tex] The Ionic crystals are however quite brittle. Applying pressure from outside, such as hammering, pushes the atoms too close to each which results in strong repulsive force. This increases their brittleness.
: [tex] \implies[/tex] The Ionic forces are non-directional, i.e, the electrostatic forces act in all directions equally. Ionic compounds do not have any isomers because the compounds are non-directional as well. The crystal lattice which is the unit arrangement of ions repeats in all directions equally and hence appears the same from all dimensions.
: [tex] \implies[/tex] The Ionic crystals are however quite brittle. Applying pressure from outside, such as hammering, pushes the atoms too close to each which results in strong repulsive force. This increases their brittleness.
★ More to Know :
➜ Let’s take for example NaCl, the electronic configuration of sodium 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹ indicates a single electron in the outermost shell, and chlorine 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵ has one electron short of completing its octet. Sodium completely transfers its valence of electron to chlorine
➜ That satisfies the octet of sodium and chlorine, and both form an ionic bond. The resulting compound is sodium chloride NaCl known as rock salt.
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