Directions: Make a sentence outline in each paragraph. Follow the format in the Power Point presentation given above. Do this on one sheet of paper. 1. 'What makes an effective leader? To be sure, no one characteristic or trait defines an effective leader. It is true, however, that effective leaders get the most out of employees or group members by holding them to very high standards or expectations. "Setting high standards increases productivity because people tend to live up to the expectations set for them by superiors. This is an example of the Pygmalion effect, which works in a subtle, often unconscious way. "When a managerial leader believes that a group member will succeed, the manager communicates this belief without realizing that he or she is doing so. "Conversely, when a leader expects a group member to fail, that person will not usually disappoint the manager. The manager's expectation of success or failure becomes a self- fulfilling prophecy. "Thus it pays for a manager to expect the best from employees. (Adapted from Andrew J. DuBrin, Leadership 4/e, © Cengage Learning.) 2. Despite its rapid spread, Islam is not a religion for those who are casual about regulations. ²On the contrary, adhering to the rules of Islam takes effort and discipline. One must rise before dawn to observe the first of five prayers required daily, none of which can take place without first cleansing oneself according to an established ritual or ceremony. "Sleep, work, and recreational activities take second place to prayer. Fasting for the month of Ramadan, undertaking the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime, paying tax for relief of the Muslim poor, and accepting Islam's creed require a serious and an energetic commitment. "On the whole, the vast majority of Muslims worldwide do observe those tenets." (Adapted from Jan Goodwin, Price of Honor, Plume Books, 2002 p. 29.)​