The two main types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. Both DNA and RNA are made from nucleotides, each containing a five-carbon sugar backbone, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. DNA provides the code for the cell 's activities, while RNA converts that code into proteins to carry out cellular functions.
The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) have distinct structures and functions in living organisms:
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid):
- Structure: Double-stranded helical molecule consisting of nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), or cytosine (C).
- Function: DNA carries the genetic information of an organism and is responsible for the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next. It serves as a blueprint for the synthesis of RNA and proteins.
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid):
- Structure: Single-stranded molecule also composed of nucleotides, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (ribose), and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), or cytosine (C).
- Function: RNA plays various essential roles in protein synthesis, including messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA) which delivers amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which forms the structure of ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs.
Both DNA and RNA are crucial for the storage and transmission of genetic information, as well as the synthesis of proteins necessary for the structure and function of living organisms.
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Explanation:
The two main types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA. Both DNA and RNA are made from nucleotides, each containing a five-carbon sugar backbone, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. DNA provides the code for the cell 's activities, while RNA converts that code into proteins to carry out cellular functions.
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The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) have distinct structures and functions in living organisms:
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid):
- Structure: Double-stranded helical molecule consisting of nucleotides. Each nucleotide contains a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), or cytosine (C).
- Function: DNA carries the genetic information of an organism and is responsible for the inheritance of traits from one generation to the next. It serves as a blueprint for the synthesis of RNA and proteins.
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid):
- Structure: Single-stranded molecule also composed of nucleotides, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (ribose), and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), or cytosine (C).
- Function: RNA plays various essential roles in protein synthesis, including messenger RNA (mRNA) which carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA) which delivers amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) which forms the structure of ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs.
Both DNA and RNA are crucial for the storage and transmission of genetic information, as well as the synthesis of proteins necessary for the structure and function of living organisms.