DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid) are essential molecules in living organisms, playing critical roles in the storage and expression of genetic information. Here's an overview of their structure and function:
1. Structure:
a. DNA: DNA is a double-stranded molecule consisting of two complementary strands of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar molecule called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). The sugar and phosphate molecules form the backbone of the DNA, while the nitrogenous bases project inward from the backbone and pair with each other in a complementary manner. The base pairing is as follows: A-T and G-C.
b. RNA: RNA is a single-stranded molecule that is similar in structure to DNA. However, instead of deoxyribose, RNA contains the sugar ribose. RNA also has a slightly different base composition than DNA, with uracil (U) replacing thymine (T).
2. Function:
a. DNA: DNA is the primary source of genetic information in living organisms. It stores the instructions for the synthesis of proteins, which perform various functions in the cell. The sequence of nucleotides along the DNA molecule encodes this genetic information. When a cell needs to synthesize a protein, it makes a copy of the relevant DNA sequence, called messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.
b. RNA: RNA plays several crucial roles in living organisms, including:
* Messenger RNA (mRNA): carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
* Transfer RNA (tRNA): brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
* Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): makes up a large part of ribosomes themselves and plays a role in the synthesis of proteins.
* Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA): involved in various aspects of RNA processing, including splicing and modification.
* MicroRNA (miRNA): regulates gene expression by binding to messenger RNA and preventing its translation.
* Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA): plays a role in regulating gene expression, chromatin remodeling, and other cellular processes.
In summary, DNA stores genetic information, while RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and gene regulation. Both molecules are essential for the proper functioning of living organisms.
Answers & Comments
Answer:
use correct font first then u may ask again
Verified answer
Answer:
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (Ribonucleic acid) are essential molecules in living organisms, playing critical roles in the storage and expression of genetic information. Here's an overview of their structure and function:
1. Structure:
a. DNA: DNA is a double-stranded molecule consisting of two complementary strands of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar molecule called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases - adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). The sugar and phosphate molecules form the backbone of the DNA, while the nitrogenous bases project inward from the backbone and pair with each other in a complementary manner. The base pairing is as follows: A-T and G-C.
b. RNA: RNA is a single-stranded molecule that is similar in structure to DNA. However, instead of deoxyribose, RNA contains the sugar ribose. RNA also has a slightly different base composition than DNA, with uracil (U) replacing thymine (T).
2. Function:
a. DNA: DNA is the primary source of genetic information in living organisms. It stores the instructions for the synthesis of proteins, which perform various functions in the cell. The sequence of nucleotides along the DNA molecule encodes this genetic information. When a cell needs to synthesize a protein, it makes a copy of the relevant DNA sequence, called messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries the genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.
b. RNA: RNA plays several crucial roles in living organisms, including:
* Messenger RNA (mRNA): carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
* Transfer RNA (tRNA): brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.
* Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): makes up a large part of ribosomes themselves and plays a role in the synthesis of proteins.
* Small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA): involved in various aspects of RNA processing, including splicing and modification.
* MicroRNA (miRNA): regulates gene expression by binding to messenger RNA and preventing its translation.
* Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA): plays a role in regulating gene expression, chromatin remodeling, and other cellular processes.
In summary, DNA stores genetic information, while RNA plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and gene regulation. Both molecules are essential for the proper functioning of living organisms.
pls mark as brainliest