Answer:

It can cause erosion submersion and saltwater intrusion along coasts

1. Coastal processes are unavoidable occurrences driven by nature and amplified by human action. They cause damage to the shorelines through coastal erosion, submersion, and saltwater intrusion. ... Breakwaters are offshore structures that protect coasts from parallel waves and in turn, prevent erosion and submersion.

• 2. Because of the economic benefits that accrue from access to ocean navigation, coastal fisheries, tourism and recreation, human settlements are often more concentrated in the coastal zone than elsewhere. Presently about 40% of the world’s population lives within 100 kilometers of the coast. As population density and economic activity in the coastal zone increases, pressures on coastal ecosystems increase. Among the most important pressures are habitat conversion, land cover change, pollutant loads, and introduction of invasive species. These pressures can lead to loss of biodiversity, coral reef bleaching, new diseases among organisms, hypoxia, harmful algal blooms, siltation, reduced water quality, and a threat to human health through toxins in fish and shellfish and pathogens such as cholera and hepatitis A residing in polluted water. Finally, it is important to recognize that a high population concentration in the lowelevation coastal zone (defined as less than 10 meters elevation) increases a country’s vulnerability to sea-level rise and other coastal hazards such as storm surges.

Explanation:

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