An important aspect of education is transmission of knowledge. Not only has knowledge been a central topic in philosophy, at least since Greek antiquity, but in recent years, it has been a prominent issue in the study of expertise. Reflecting on expertise has led to new insights about several long-standing philosophical questions beyond epistemology, including the nature of rationality and intuition. The aim of this article is to discuss three views of expertise that have something important to say about these philosophical issues. While two of these views come from philosophy (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986, hereafter D&D; Montero and Evans, 2011, hereafter, M&E) and one from psychology (Gobet and Chassy, 2009, hereafter, G&C), they all address similar philosophical questions, albeit with rather different conclusions. The article first briefly reviews the issue of defining and identifying expertise and the philosophical debate around knowing-how and knowing-that. After presenting the key assumptions made by the three views on expertise, it compares them along six philosophical dimensions: rationality, knowledge, intuition, introspection, deliberation and artificial intelligence. In the discussion, the article draws conclusions for education.
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An important aspect of education is transmission of knowledge. Not only has knowledge been a central topic in philosophy, at least since Greek antiquity, but in recent years, it has been a prominent issue in the study of expertise. Reflecting on expertise has led to new insights about several long-standing philosophical questions beyond epistemology, including the nature of rationality and intuition. The aim of this article is to discuss three views of expertise that have something important to say about these philosophical issues. While two of these views come from philosophy (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986, hereafter D&D; Montero and Evans, 2011, hereafter, M&E) and one from psychology (Gobet and Chassy, 2009, hereafter, G&C), they all address similar philosophical questions, albeit with rather different conclusions. The article first briefly reviews the issue of defining and identifying expertise and the philosophical debate around knowing-how and knowing-that. After presenting the key assumptions made by the three views on expertise, it compares them along six philosophical dimensions: rationality, knowledge, intuition, introspection, deliberation and artificial intelligence. In the discussion, the article draws conclusions for education.
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