In France, the power to impose taxes was not in the hands of Monarch in the old regime.
Representatives were sent by three estates to a political body named the Estates General.
His proposals for new taxes were required to be passed by the Estates General, when the Monarch called them for a meeting.
The power to call for a meeting of Estates General was solely in the hands of the Monarch.
To pass proposals for a new tax, King Louis XVI called for a meeting with the Estates General on 5 May 1789.
The delegates of Estates General were hosted in Versailles.
Third estate had sent 600 members who were made to stand at the back, while the second and first estates had sent 300 representatives who had sat in the front rows facing each other.
Women, artisans and peasants were not permitted to enter the assembly. Educated and prosperous members represented the third estate.
Around 40,000 letters were brought by the representatives listing the demands and grievances of people.
The Third Estate wanted voting to take place in which each member had one vote. In the earlier voting system 1 estate had only 1 vote, Louis XVI wanted to continue with this practice.
The outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 was a result of various long-term social, economic, and political factors that had been brewing for decades. Several circumstances and events led to the revolutionary protests that ultimately reshaped France's political landscape and had a profound impact on the course of modern history. Some of the key factors contributing to the French Revolution are as follows:
1. Social Inequality: French society was deeply divided into three estates. The First Estate comprised the clergy, the Second Estate included the nobility, and the Third Estate consisted of common people, including peasants, urban workers, and the bourgeoisie (middle class). The Third Estate faced significant socio-economic disparities and bore the burden of heavy taxes while the First and Second Estates enjoyed numerous privileges and tax exemptions.
2. Financial Crisis: France faced severe financial problems in the late 18th century due to extravagant spending by the monarchy, costly wars, and a regressive tax system. The national debt skyrocketed, leading to economic instability and rising discontent among the common people.
3. Enlightenment Ideas: The ideas of the Enlightenment, advocating reason, liberty, and equality, gained popularity among the educated middle class. Intellectuals and philosophers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu challenged the absolute authority of the monarchy and the prevailing social order.
4. Influence of the American Revolution: The success of the American Revolution against British colonial rule inspired the French to contemplate the possibility of challenging their own oppressive monarchy and pursuing democratic ideals.
5. Weak Leadership: King Louis XVI's reign was marked by indecisiveness and weak leadership. His inability to address the country's economic and social issues further exacerbated public discontent.
6. Estates-General: In 1789, King Louis XVI convened the Estates-General, an assembly representing the three estates, to address the financial crisis. However, the Third Estate, demanding more representation and a fairer voting system, declared themselves the National Assembly, signaling the beginning of defiance against the monarchy.
7. Storming of the Bastille: On July 14, 1789, the people of Paris stormed the Bastille, a symbol of royal tyranny, and seized control of the fortress. This event marked a turning point in the revolution, as it escalated the conflict between the monarchy and the common people.
These circumstances, among others, fueled the revolutionary spirit and led to widespread protests, uprisings, and demands for political reforms. The French Revolution resulted in the abolition of feudalism, the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, and significant social and political changes, ultimately setting the stage for the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte and the transformation of Europe.
Answers & Comments
Answer:
Taxes were increased by Louis XVI.
In France, the power to impose taxes was not in the hands of Monarch in the old regime.
Representatives were sent by three estates to a political body named the Estates General.
His proposals for new taxes were required to be passed by the Estates General, when the Monarch called them for a meeting.
The power to call for a meeting of Estates General was solely in the hands of the Monarch.
To pass proposals for a new tax, King Louis XVI called for a meeting with the Estates General on 5 May 1789.
The delegates of Estates General were hosted in Versailles.
Third estate had sent 600 members who were made to stand at the back, while the second and first estates had sent 300 representatives who had sat in the front rows facing each other.
Women, artisans and peasants were not permitted to enter the assembly. Educated and prosperous members represented the third estate.
Around 40,000 letters were brought by the representatives listing the demands and grievances of people.
The Third Estate wanted voting to take place in which each member had one vote. In the earlier voting system 1 estate had only 1 vote, Louis XVI wanted to continue with this practice.
Explanation:
hope it helps you
Explanation:
The outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 was a result of various long-term social, economic, and political factors that had been brewing for decades. Several circumstances and events led to the revolutionary protests that ultimately reshaped France's political landscape and had a profound impact on the course of modern history. Some of the key factors contributing to the French Revolution are as follows:
1. Social Inequality: French society was deeply divided into three estates. The First Estate comprised the clergy, the Second Estate included the nobility, and the Third Estate consisted of common people, including peasants, urban workers, and the bourgeoisie (middle class). The Third Estate faced significant socio-economic disparities and bore the burden of heavy taxes while the First and Second Estates enjoyed numerous privileges and tax exemptions.
2. Financial Crisis: France faced severe financial problems in the late 18th century due to extravagant spending by the monarchy, costly wars, and a regressive tax system. The national debt skyrocketed, leading to economic instability and rising discontent among the common people.
3. Enlightenment Ideas: The ideas of the Enlightenment, advocating reason, liberty, and equality, gained popularity among the educated middle class. Intellectuals and philosophers like Voltaire, Rousseau, and Montesquieu challenged the absolute authority of the monarchy and the prevailing social order.
4. Influence of the American Revolution: The success of the American Revolution against British colonial rule inspired the French to contemplate the possibility of challenging their own oppressive monarchy and pursuing democratic ideals.
5. Weak Leadership: King Louis XVI's reign was marked by indecisiveness and weak leadership. His inability to address the country's economic and social issues further exacerbated public discontent.
6. Estates-General: In 1789, King Louis XVI convened the Estates-General, an assembly representing the three estates, to address the financial crisis. However, the Third Estate, demanding more representation and a fairer voting system, declared themselves the National Assembly, signaling the beginning of defiance against the monarchy.
7. Storming of the Bastille: On July 14, 1789, the people of Paris stormed the Bastille, a symbol of royal tyranny, and seized control of the fortress. This event marked a turning point in the revolution, as it escalated the conflict between the monarchy and the common people.
These circumstances, among others, fueled the revolutionary spirit and led to widespread protests, uprisings, and demands for political reforms. The French Revolution resulted in the abolition of feudalism, the establishment of a constitutional monarchy, and significant social and political changes, ultimately setting the stage for the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte and the transformation of Europe.