Answer:

Aqua regia is a latin word for royal water. It is a special liquid which can dissolve noble metals like gold, platinum, palladium. Gold usually does not react with other chemicals.

Explanation:

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Aqua regia is a highly corrosive mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid. It's known for its ability to dissolve noble metals like gold and platinum, which are resistant to most other acids.

Explanation:

Aqua regia, which translates to "royal water" in Latin, is a powerful and highly corrosive chemical mixture composed of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl). This unique combination gives aqua regia its exceptional ability to dissolve a variety of metals and substances that are typically resistant to other forms of chemical attack.

The reason behind the potent reactivity of aqua regia lies in the chemical reactions that occur when the two acids are mixed. Individually, concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid have distinct properties. Nitric acid is a strong oxidizing agent, capable of converting metals into their corresponding metal ions by accepting electrons, while hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that can donate hydrogen ions (protons).

When these two acids are mixed in the correct proportions, typically in a ratio of 1 part nitric acid to 3 parts hydrochloric acid, they create a chemical environment that surpasses the abilities of each acid individually. Aqua regia is a strong oxidizing and reducing agent, capable of both donating and accepting electrons, which gives it an exceptional capacity to dissolve a wide range of materials.

One of the most remarkable features of aqua regia is its ability to dissolve noble metals, such as gold (Au) and platinum (Pt). These metals are often considered "noble" because they are highly resistant to corrosion and chemical attack by many substances. However, aqua regia's unique combination of nitric and hydrochloric acids allows it to break down the protective layers that usually shield these metals from chemical reactions, resulting in the formation of soluble metal chloride complexes.

The reactions that occur between aqua regia and noble metals are complex, involving the formation of various intermediate species and ions. For example, when gold reacts with aqua regia, it forms soluble chloroauric acid (HAuCl4), which can then be separated from the solution through various techniques like precipitation or solvent extraction.

While aqua regia's exceptional reactivity makes it a valuable tool in various chemical processes, it's important to note that its use requires careful handling due to its highly corrosive and toxic nature. Proper safety measures, such as protective clothing and proper ventilation, are essential when working with aqua regia to prevent exposure to its harmful fumes and skin contact.

In summary, aqua regia is a potent chemical mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid. Its ability to dissolve noble metals and other substances that resist other forms of attack has made it an indispensable tool in various scientific and industrial applications, such as metal analysis and refining.