Daniel Kahneman's Sound Reasoning
One example of an author's sound reasoning is in the book "Thinking, Fast and Slow" by Daniel Kahneman. In the book, Kahneman presents numerous examples and studies to support his conclusion that human thinking is often biased and prone to error.
One of the examples he gives is the "Linda problem," in which he presents participants with a description of a fictional woman named Linda, described as a feminist and social activist. He then asks participants which is more likely: (a) Linda is a bank teller, or (b) Linda is a bank teller and is active in the feminist movement.
Kahneman argues that many people are likely to choose option (b), although it is logically less likely than option (a). This is because option (b) seems to fit with the description of Linda as a feminist and social activist, leading people to ignore the statistical likelihood of the statement.
In another example, Kahneman describes how people judge the likelihood of events based on how easily they come to mind. For example, people might overestimate the risk of a rare but highly publicized event (such as a terrorist attack) while underestimating the risk of a more common but less newsworthy event (such as a car accident).
Kahneman also explains how irrelevant numbers people encounter before deciding can influence their judgments. For example, people might estimate the length of the Nile River to be longer if you first ask them to guess whether it is more or less than 5,000 miles long, compared to if you first ask them whether it is more or less than 500 miles long.
Finally, Kahneman describes how people value things more highly simply because they own them. For example, people might be unwilling to sell a concert ticket for the price they paid, even if they would not be willing to buy a similar ticket for that price.
By presenting these examples, Kahneman uses sound reasoning to demonstrate the prevalence of cognitive biases and the need for people to be aware of them to make better decisions. He supports his conclusions with empirical evidence from psychological studies and uses clear and accessible language to explain complex ideas.
Questions:
1. What is Daniel Kahneman's conclusion?
2. How does Kahneman prove his conclusion?
3. Cite two examples Kahneman used to support his conclusion.
4. Explain why Kahneman's reasoning is sound.
One example of an author's sound reasoning is in the book "Thinking, Fast and Slow" by Daniel Kahneman. In the book, Kahneman presents numerous examples and studies to support his conclusion that human thinking is often biased and prone to error.
One of the examples he gives is the "Linda problem," in which he presents participants with a description of a fictional woman named Linda, described as a feminist and social activist. He then asks participants which is more likely: (a) Linda is a bank teller, or (b) Linda is a bank teller and is active in the feminist movement.
Kahneman argues that many people are likely to choose option (b), although it is logically less likely than option (a). This is because option (b) seems to fit with the description of Linda as a feminist and social activist, leading people to ignore the statistical likelihood of the statement.
In another example, Kahneman describes how people judge the likelihood of events based on how easily they come to mind. For example, people might overestimate the risk of a rare but highly publicized event (such as a terrorist attack) while underestimating the risk of a more common but less newsworthy event (such as a car accident).
Kahneman also explains how irrelevant numbers people encounter before deciding can influence their judgments. For example, people might estimate the length of the Nile River to be longer if you first ask them to guess whether it is more or less than 5,000 miles long, compared to if you first ask them whether it is more or less than 500 miles long.
Finally, Kahneman describes how people value things more highly simply because they own them. For example, people might be unwilling to sell a concert ticket for the price they paid, even if they would not be willing to buy a similar ticket for that price.
By presenting these examples, Kahneman uses sound reasoning to demonstrate the prevalence of cognitive biases and the need for people to be aware of them to make better decisions. He supports his conclusions with empirical evidence from psychological studies and uses clear and accessible language to explain complex ideas.
Questions:
1. What is Daniel Kahneman's conclusion?
2. How does Kahneman prove his conclusion?
3. Cite two examples Kahneman used to support his conclusion.
4. Explain why Kahneman's reasoning is sound.
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1 it's the conclusion of Daniel kahnemans