D. Answer the following questions briefly. 1. What do you understand by Renaissance? 2. Define the term Humanism. 3. Explain the effects of Renaissance on literature. 4. What kind of scientific development took place in Europe during the Renaissance period? 5. Name any one painting by Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. 6. Define the term colonialism.
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1. Renaissance is a French word meaning “rebirth.” It refers to a period in European civilization that was marked by a revival of Classical learning and wisdom.
2. Humanism is an approach to life based on reason and our common humanity, recognizing that moral values are properly founded on human nature and experience alone.
3. The effects of the Renaissance on English literature were an increased emphasis on humanism and individuality, as well as an increased willingness of writers to satirize existing institutions such as the church and state and to write secular rather than religious works.
4. Renaissance was a period of scientific development and emergance of modern science. Both microscope and telescope were invented during the renaissance. It was due to improvements in making lenses. It also helped in making eyeglasses, which was used in invention of printing press.
5. Two artists and two Renaissance wonders: Michelangelo's David and Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. Centuries after they were created, these are surely the two most renowned artistic objects in the world.
6. The policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.