Question 2. How is prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
Answer: Prokaryotic cell is generally smaller in size (1-10 pm), nuclear region is poorly defined, the cell organelles are not membrane-bound and has a single chromosome.
Eukaryotic cell is generally larger in size (5-100 pm), nuclear region is well defined with nuclear membrane. Membrane-bound cell organelles are present and has more than one chromosome.
Question 3. What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
Answer: If plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down then molecules of some substances will freely move in and out.
Question 4. What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
Answer: Golgi apparatus has the function of storage, modification and packaging of the products in vesicles. If there were no Golgi bodies, packaging and dispatching of materials synthesised by the cell will be stocked.
Question 5. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?
Answer: Mitochondria is known as powerhouse of the cell because it releases the energy required for different activities of life.
Question 6. Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised?
Answer: Lipids and proteins are synthesised in ER [Endoplasmic Reticulum].
How does Amoeba obtain it’s food?
Answer: Amoeba take it’s food by the cell membrane which forms the food vacuole.
Question 8. What is osmosis?
Answer: Osmosis is the process of movement of water molecule from a region of higher water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of lower water concentration.
Question 9. Carry out the following osmosis experiment:
Take four peeled potato halves and scoop each one out to make potato cups, one of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water.
Now,
(a) Keep cup A empty
(b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B
(c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C ‘
(d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D
Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following:
(i) Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of B and C.
Why is potato A necessary for this experiment?
(iii) Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D.
Answer: (i) Water gathers in B and C because in both the situations there is difference in the concentration of water in the trough and water in the cup of Potato. Hence, osmosis takes place as the potato cells act as a semi-permeable membrane.
(ii) Potato A is necessary for this experiment for comparison, it acts as a control.
(iii) Water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D. As cup of A does not have change in the concentration for water to flow. For osmosis to occur one of the concentration should be higher than the other.
In cup D, the cells are dead and hence the semi-permeable membrane does not exists for the flow of water and no osmosis takes place.
1. Plant cells are different from animal cells in several ways:
- Plant cells have a cell wall composed of cellulose, which provides structural support, while animal cells do not have a cell wall.
- Plant cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells do not.
- Plant cells have larger central vacuoles for storing water, nutrients, and waste, while animal cells have smaller or no vacuoles.
- Plant cells have plasmodesmata, which are channels that allow for communication between cells, while animal cells do not have a similar structure.
2. Prokaryotic cells are different from eukaryotic cells in the following ways:
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus.
- Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler in structure compared to eukaryotic cells.
- Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have various organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
3. If the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down, the cell loses its structural integrity and the internal components may spill out. This can lead to the death of the cell and potentially cause damage to surrounding cells or tissues.
4. The Golgi apparatus plays a significant role in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids in the cell. If there was no Golgi apparatus, the cell would have difficulty transporting and exporting important molecules, leading to disruptions in cellular functions and processes.
5. The organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell is the mitochondria. It is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Mitochondria contain enzymes and electron transport chains that generate ATP, which is essential for powering various cellular activities.
6. Lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER is an extensive network of interconnected membranes where lipids are synthesized, and proteins are processed and modified before they are transported to their respective destinations.
7. An Amoeba obtains its food through a process called phagocytosis. It extends pseudopodia (temporary projections of its cell membrane) to engulf food particles such as bacteria or organic matter. Once the food is enclosed in a membrane-bound vesicle called a food vacuole, the Amoeba releases digestive enzymes into the vacuole to break down the food and absorb the nutrients.
8. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. It is driven by the concentration gradient of solute particles on either side of the membrane.
9. Reason for same level of water in cup A:
1. There is no solution/solute inside cup A 2. So, there will be absence of osmotic pressure in this
case.
3. Hence, the water does not move from outside to inside
of the cup.
Reason for increased water level in cup B:
1. Osmosis is the reason for increase of water level in cup B.
2. Osmosis is the movement of the solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from the region of low solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
3. Here the cells of potato acts as the semi-permeable
membrane through which water enters the potato cup. 4. The medium inside the potato cup has a higher concentration of sugar (solute) as compared to outside
the potato cups.
5. Hence, the water moves towards the internal part of the potato cup which is the movement of solvent from a region of low solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration
Reason for increased water level in cup C:
1. Osmosis is the reason for increase of water level in cup B.
2. Osmosis is the movement of the solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from the region of low solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
3. Here the cells of potato acts as the semi-permeable membrane through which water enters the potato cup.
4. The medium inside the potato cup has a higher concentration of salt (solute) as compared to outside the potato cups.
5. Hence, the water moves towards the internal part of the potato cup which is the movement of solvent from a region of low solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
Reason for same level of water in cup D:
1. Cup D is made up of boiled potato.
2. The cells of the boiled potato are dead including their cell membranes.
3. Therefore, there is no membrane across which the osmosis can take place.
4. Hence, there is no change in the level of water inside cup D.
Final Answer: Hence, water gathers in the hollowed portions of the potato cup B and C due to the occurrence of osmosis.
Answers & Comments
Verified answer
Answer:
Question 2. How is prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
Answer: Prokaryotic cell is generally smaller in size (1-10 pm), nuclear region is poorly defined, the cell organelles are not membrane-bound and has a single chromosome.
Eukaryotic cell is generally larger in size (5-100 pm), nuclear region is well defined with nuclear membrane. Membrane-bound cell organelles are present and has more than one chromosome.
Question 3. What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
Answer: If plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down then molecules of some substances will freely move in and out.
Question 4. What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no Golgi apparatus?
Answer: Golgi apparatus has the function of storage, modification and packaging of the products in vesicles. If there were no Golgi bodies, packaging and dispatching of materials synthesised by the cell will be stocked.
Question 5. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? Why?
Answer: Mitochondria is known as powerhouse of the cell because it releases the energy required for different activities of life.
Question 6. Where do the lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane get synthesised?
Answer: Lipids and proteins are synthesised in ER [Endoplasmic Reticulum].
How does Amoeba obtain it’s food?
Answer: Amoeba take it’s food by the cell membrane which forms the food vacuole.
Question 8. What is osmosis?
Answer: Osmosis is the process of movement of water molecule from a region of higher water concentration through a semi-permeable membrane to a region of lower water concentration.
Question 9. Carry out the following osmosis experiment:
Take four peeled potato halves and scoop each one out to make potato cups, one of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water.
Now,
(a) Keep cup A empty
(b) Put one teaspoon sugar in cup B
(c) Put one teaspoon salt in cup C ‘
(d) Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D
Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following:
(i) Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of B and C.
Why is potato A necessary for this experiment?
(iii) Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D.
Answer: (i) Water gathers in B and C because in both the situations there is difference in the concentration of water in the trough and water in the cup of Potato. Hence, osmosis takes place as the potato cells act as a semi-permeable membrane.
(ii) Potato A is necessary for this experiment for comparison, it acts as a control.
(iii) Water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of A and D. As cup of A does not have change in the concentration for water to flow. For osmosis to occur one of the concentration should be higher than the other.
In cup D, the cells are dead and hence the semi-permeable membrane does not exists for the flow of water and no osmosis takes place.
Answer:
Sure, here are the answers to the exercises:
1. Plant cells are different from animal cells in several ways:
- Plant cells have a cell wall composed of cellulose, which provides structural support, while animal cells do not have a cell wall.
- Plant cells have chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells do not.
- Plant cells have larger central vacuoles for storing water, nutrients, and waste, while animal cells have smaller or no vacuoles.
- Plant cells have plasmodesmata, which are channels that allow for communication between cells, while animal cells do not have a similar structure.
2. Prokaryotic cells are different from eukaryotic cells in the following ways:
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus.
- Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler in structure compared to eukaryotic cells.
- Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have various organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
3. If the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down, the cell loses its structural integrity and the internal components may spill out. This can lead to the death of the cell and potentially cause damage to surrounding cells or tissues.
4. The Golgi apparatus plays a significant role in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids in the cell. If there was no Golgi apparatus, the cell would have difficulty transporting and exporting important molecules, leading to disruptions in cellular functions and processes.
5. The organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell is the mitochondria. It is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. Mitochondria contain enzymes and electron transport chains that generate ATP, which is essential for powering various cellular activities.
6. Lipids and proteins constituting the cell membrane are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER is an extensive network of interconnected membranes where lipids are synthesized, and proteins are processed and modified before they are transported to their respective destinations.
7. An Amoeba obtains its food through a process called phagocytosis. It extends pseudopodia (temporary projections of its cell membrane) to engulf food particles such as bacteria or organic matter. Once the food is enclosed in a membrane-bound vesicle called a food vacuole, the Amoeba releases digestive enzymes into the vacuole to break down the food and absorb the nutrients.
8. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration. It is driven by the concentration gradient of solute particles on either side of the membrane.
9. Reason for same level of water in cup A:
1. There is no solution/solute inside cup A 2. So, there will be absence of osmotic pressure in this
case.
3. Hence, the water does not move from outside to inside
of the cup.
Reason for increased water level in cup B:
1. Osmosis is the reason for increase of water level in cup B.
2. Osmosis is the movement of the solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from the region of low solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
3. Here the cells of potato acts as the semi-permeable
membrane through which water enters the potato cup. 4. The medium inside the potato cup has a higher concentration of sugar (solute) as compared to outside
the potato cups.
5. Hence, the water moves towards the internal part of the potato cup which is the movement of solvent from a region of low solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration
Reason for increased water level in cup C:
1. Osmosis is the reason for increase of water level in cup B.
2. Osmosis is the movement of the solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane from the region of low solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
3. Here the cells of potato acts as the semi-permeable membrane through which water enters the potato cup.
4. The medium inside the potato cup has a higher concentration of salt (solute) as compared to outside the potato cups.
5. Hence, the water moves towards the internal part of the potato cup which is the movement of solvent from a region of low solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
Reason for same level of water in cup D:
1. Cup D is made up of boiled potato.
2. The cells of the boiled potato are dead including their cell membranes.
3. Therefore, there is no membrane across which the osmosis can take place.
4. Hence, there is no change in the level of water inside cup D.
Final Answer: Hence, water gathers in the hollowed portions of the potato cup B and C due to the occurrence of osmosis.
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