Answer:

The expression (16p² - 4p + 8pq - 4q + 4q² + 1) cannot be further simplified because it is already in its most simplified form.

• The given expression consists of multiple terms, each with its own variables and coefficients. However, all the terms in the expression are distinct and cannot be combined or simplified any further.

• Simplifying an expression typically involves combining like terms by performing arithmetic operations such as addition or subtraction. In this case, there are no like terms that can be combined due to the different variables and exponents present in each term.

Therefore, the given expression is already in its simplified form and cannot be further simplified or combined.