Answer:

1.validity are concepts used to evaluate the quality of research. They indicate how well a method, technique or test measures something. Reliability is about the consistency of a measure, and validity is about the accuracy of a measure. Beacause it’s important to consider reliability and validity when you are creating your research design, planning your methods, and writing up your results, especially in quantitative research.

2.The extent to which the results can be reproduced when the research is repeated under the same conditions.  Beacause by checking the consistency of results across time, across different observers, and across parts of the test itself.

3.validity beacause It is the extent to which the test measures a theoretical construct or trait. ü Reliability.

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1. Is valid research instrument always valid? Why?

You may have to conduct a validation test on the instrument..

A validation test should be similar to conducting a calibration test procedure on the instrument..

You can also do a simple comparative testing if you have another instrument of the same type..

A pH meter let’s say is the instrument as an example, you can use litmus paper dipped into a known chemical solution to test the meter if comparatively will indicate the correct pH level..The tricky part is that a test can be reliable without being valid. However, a test cannot be valid unless it is reliable. An assessment can provide you with consistent results, making it reliable, but unless it is measuring what you are supposed to measure, it is not valid.

2. Is reliable research instrument always valid? Why?

In economics there is a very important proverbial. Something is true “ceteris paribus”, which implies that no account is taken of certain unknown developments or circumstances. This implies that the research instrument by definition is always a limited instrument. One can not take all elements and factors into account. So unless you are active in natural (physical) sciences there can not be an always reliable research instrument. Statistical analyses, such as correlations, are used to determine if criterion-related validity exists. Scores from the instrument in question should be correlated with an item they are known to predict. If the correlations are high, the instrument is considered reliable.

3. Which of the qualities of the research instrument is most practical? Why?

Traceability to national standards. What point is the analysis if the equipment cannot be verifiably measured. It would be like giving a formulation with the term “some” instead of mass percentage.