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1. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS THAT ARE TRIGGERED BY RAIN?
2. EXPLAIN THE CAUSES OF RAINFALL-INDUCED GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS: LANDSLIDES AND SINK HOLES.
3. IDENTIFY THE SIGNS OF IMPENDING LANDSLIDES AND SINKHOLES.
4. GIVE AND IDENTIFY AVAILABLE OR EXISTING INSTRUMENTS USED TO PREDICT OR VALIDATE THE POSSIBLE OCCURRENCE OF LANDSLIDES OR SINKHOLES.
5. EXPLAIN AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF GEOHAZARD MAPS OF LANDSLIDES.
6. GIVE THE SAFETY PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES IN CASE OF LANDSLIDE AND SINKHOLE.
Answers & Comments
Answer:
1. The different geological hazards that can be triggered by rain include landslides, mudslides, debris flows, rockfalls, sinkholes, and flash floods.
2. Rainfall-induced landslides occur when the weight of the water saturates the soil, making it heavier than it can support, leading to a sudden movement of the soil down a slope. On the other hand, sinkholes happen when the water dissolves soluble rocks such as limestone, creating an underground cavity. When the roof of the cavity can no longer support the weight above it, the ground collapses, creating a sinkhole.
3. Signs of impending landslides include cracking or bulging of the ground, tilting of trees or other structures, and exposed roots or soil. For sinkholes, signs include depressions on the ground or the sudden appearance of cavities and holes.
4. Available instruments used to predict or validate the possible occurrence of landslides or sinkholes include radar systems, geodetic monitoring, and ground-penetrating radar. These tools can help measure soil moisture, slope stability, and underground cavities, among others.
5. Geo-hazard maps of landslides are essential tools for disaster risk reduction. These maps identify the areas that are prone to landslides, helping people prepare for landslides ahead of time. For example, landslide hazard maps show slope steepness, soil types, vegetation cover, and other factors that increase landslide risk.
6. Safety precautionary measures in case of a landslide or sinkhole include evacuating the affected area as soon as possible, staying away from the hazard zone, and avoiding walking or driving over unstable ground. In case of a sinkhole, safety measures entail constructing buildings on solid ground and avoiding the use of underground wells or mines.