ANS1=The official documents were preserved by the British as they thought that the act of writing was very important to run and govern a country in a better way. They believed that it would help them to systemic the reports and official documents and in this way they can be used later on.
ANS2=The fine qualities of cotton and silk produced in India had a big market in Europe. Indian spices like pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon too were in great demand. Hence European trading companies were attracted to India.
ANS3=In a democracy people choose their representatives and the leaders might misuse their powers. Constitution provides safeguards against this. In a democracy, the constitution ensures that the dominant group does not use power against less powerful groups.
ANS4=Sustainable development is an organizing principle for meeting human development goals while also sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depend. The desired result is a state of society where living conditions and resources are used to continue to meet human needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable development was defined in the 1987 Brundtland Report as "development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs".[2][3] As the concept of sustainable development developed, it has shifted its focus more towards the economic development, social development and environmental protection for future generations.
ANS5= 1=Degradation of soils takes place due to natural factors and human factors.
2=Floods, landslides, rain wash, pesticides, overuse of chemical fertilizers, overgrazing, deforestation are the major factors which lead to degradation of soil.
Q2=
ANS1= The Diwani allowed the Company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal. After the assumption of Diwani, gold was not imported from Britain and revenues from India were enough to finance Company expenses.
ANS2=The list of the keywords in the preamble of Indian constitution includes, secular, socialist, sovereign, democratic, fraternity, republic, justice, liberty, equality. India's Preamble states that the government should strive for the common good of all its citizens to ensure social and economic justice for all.
ANS3=Two steps that the government has taken to conserve plants and animals are:
1=Establishment of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves to protect our natural vegetation and wildlife. For example, Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand.
2=Putting a ban on killing of lions, tigers, deer, great Indian bustards and peacocks.
ANS4=The areas of conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company are mentioned below:
(i)The Bengal nawabs asserted their power and autonomy and refused to grant the company concessions.
(ii)They demanded large tributes for the Company’s right to trade.
(iii)They denied the Company any right to mint coins and stopped the Company from extending its fortifications.
(iv) Accusing the Company of deceit, they claimed that the Company was depriving the Bengal government of huge amounts of revenue and undermining the authority of the nawab. It was refusing to pay taxes, writing disrespectful letters, and trying to humiliate the nawab and his officials.
(v)The Company on its part declared that the unjust demands of the local officials were ruining the trade of the Company, and trade could flourish only if the duties were removed.
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Answer:
Q1=
ANS1=The official documents were preserved by the British as they thought that the act of writing was very important to run and govern a country in a better way. They believed that it would help them to systemic the reports and official documents and in this way they can be used later on.
ANS2=The fine qualities of cotton and silk produced in India had a big market in Europe. Indian spices like pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon too were in great demand. Hence European trading companies were attracted to India.
ANS3=In a democracy people choose their representatives and the leaders might misuse their powers. Constitution provides safeguards against this. In a democracy, the constitution ensures that the dominant group does not use power against less powerful groups.
ANS4=Sustainable development is an organizing principle for meeting human development goals while also sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economy and society depend. The desired result is a state of society where living conditions and resources are used to continue to meet human needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable development was defined in the 1987 Brundtland Report as "development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs".[2][3] As the concept of sustainable development developed, it has shifted its focus more towards the economic development, social development and environmental protection for future generations.
ANS5= 1=Degradation of soils takes place due to natural factors and human factors.
2=Floods, landslides, rain wash, pesticides, overuse of chemical fertilizers, overgrazing, deforestation are the major factors which lead to degradation of soil.
Q2=
ANS1= The Diwani allowed the Company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal. After the assumption of Diwani, gold was not imported from Britain and revenues from India were enough to finance Company expenses.
ANS2=The list of the keywords in the preamble of Indian constitution includes, secular, socialist, sovereign, democratic, fraternity, republic, justice, liberty, equality. India's Preamble states that the government should strive for the common good of all its citizens to ensure social and economic justice for all.
ANS3=Two steps that the government has taken to conserve plants and animals are:
1=Establishment of national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves to protect our natural vegetation and wildlife. For example, Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand.
2=Putting a ban on killing of lions, tigers, deer, great Indian bustards and peacocks.
ANS4=The areas of conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company are mentioned below:
(i)The Bengal nawabs asserted their power and autonomy and refused to grant the company concessions.
(ii)They demanded large tributes for the Company’s right to trade.
(iii)They denied the Company any right to mint coins and stopped the Company from extending its fortifications.
(iv) Accusing the Company of deceit, they claimed that the Company was depriving the Bengal government of huge amounts of revenue and undermining the authority of the nawab. It was refusing to pay taxes, writing disrespectful letters, and trying to humiliate the nawab and his officials.
(v)The Company on its part declared that the unjust demands of the local officials were ruining the trade of the Company, and trade could flourish only if the duties were removed.