- **Work:** In physics, work is defined as the product of the force applied to an object and the distance over which the force is applied in the direction of the force. Mathematically, work (W) is expressed as \(W = F \cdot d \cdot \cos(\theta)\), where \(F\) is the force, \(d\) is the displacement, and \(\theta\) is the angle between the force and the displacement vectors.
- *Example:* Lifting a book against gravity. If you apply a force to lift a book vertically, you are doing work against the force of gravity.
- **Energy:** Energy is the ability to do work. There are various forms of energy, including kinetic energy (energy of motion), potential energy (stored energy), thermal energy (heat), and more. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.
- *Example:* A moving car possesses kinetic energy. When you brake, this kinetic energy is transformed into heat energy due to friction.
2. **Power:**
- **Definition:** Power is the rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is transferred or converted.
- *Example:* If two people climb a set of stairs, and person A takes 30 seconds while person B takes 20 seconds, both are doing the same amount of work (lifting their body against gravity), but person B has a higher power output because they did the work in less time.
The capacity or power to do work, such as the capacity to move an object (of a given mass) by the application of force. Energy can exist in a variety of forms, such as electrical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, or nuclear, and can be transformed from one form to another.
We can define power as the rate of doing work, it is the work done in unit time. The SI unit of power is Watt (W) which is joules per second (J/s).
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Answer:
1. **Work and Energy:**
- **Work:** In physics, work is defined as the product of the force applied to an object and the distance over which the force is applied in the direction of the force. Mathematically, work (W) is expressed as \(W = F \cdot d \cdot \cos(\theta)\), where \(F\) is the force, \(d\) is the displacement, and \(\theta\) is the angle between the force and the displacement vectors.
- *Example:* Lifting a book against gravity. If you apply a force to lift a book vertically, you are doing work against the force of gravity.
- **Energy:** Energy is the ability to do work. There are various forms of energy, including kinetic energy (energy of motion), potential energy (stored energy), thermal energy (heat), and more. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted from one form to another.
- *Example:* A moving car possesses kinetic energy. When you brake, this kinetic energy is transformed into heat energy due to friction.
2. **Power:**
- **Definition:** Power is the rate at which work is done or the rate at which energy is transferred or converted.
- *Example:* If two people climb a set of stairs, and person A takes 30 seconds while person B takes 20 seconds, both are doing the same amount of work (lifting their body against gravity), but person B has a higher power output because they did the work in less time.
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