Confucianism is an ancient Chinese philosophy and belief system that set the groundwork for much of Chinese culture. Confucius was a philosopher and teacher who lived from 551 to 479 B.C.E. His followers wrote down his ideas on ethics, ethical behavior, and moral character in a series of works, the most notable of which being the Lunyu. For living a peaceful life, Confucianism believes in ancestor worship and human-centered ethics. "Do not do unto others what you would not want others to do unto you," - Confucianism's golden rule.

Confucianism's status as a religion is a point of contention. The best way to think about Confucianism is as moral guidance for living a good life and having a strong character. Confucianism, on the other hand, began as a revival of a previous religious tradition. There are no gods in Confucianism, and Confucius is seen as a spirit rather than a deity. There are, however, Confucian temples, which are places where important community and civic rites take place. Many people refer to Confucianism as both a religion and a philosophy, and this dispute remains unsolved.

Consciousness is based on the value of good moral character, which can influence the environment around you through the concept of "cosmic harmony." If the emperor is morally faultless, his rule will be peaceful and compassionate. Abandoning traditional beliefs has resulted in natural calamities and strife. The virtue of ren, or "humanity," which leads to more virtuous behaviors such as respect, altruism, and humility, is used to develop this moral character. In order to develop this moral character, Confucius believed in the need for education. He believed that while humans are fundamentally good, they may have deviated from the proper behavior. Confucianism's rituals were created with the goal of instilling a sense of respect and belonging in a group.

Confucius' philosophy revolves around the concept of "filial piety," or devotion to one's family. The usage of familial analogies to describe the emperor and his administration, such as "son of heaven," to characterize the emperor and his government, can all be examples of this devotion. For Confucian principles, the most important group was the family, and loyalty to the family could only strengthen the society around it.

Despite the fact that Confucius gave Confucianism its name, he was not the first to examine many of its key themes. Rather, he can be regarded as someone who is concerned about the preservation of ancient Chinese wisdom passed down from the great thinkers of the past. Several of Confucius' pupils carried on his work after he died, compiling his wisdom. Mencius and Xunzi were the most well-known of these disciples, both of whom furthered Confucian theory.

In China, Confucianism is still one of the most influential philosophies. Wu Di (reigned 141–87 B.C.E.) declared Confucianism the official state doctrine during the Han Dynasty. Confucius schools were formed to teach Confucian virtues during this period. For millennia, Confucianism was one of the most important Chinese faiths, alongside Buddhism and Taoism. The impact of Buddhism and Taoism brought about "Neo-Confucianism," which incorporated principles from all three religions, during the Song Dynasty (960–1279 C.E.). During the Qing dynasty (1644–1912 C.E.), however, many scholars sought a return to Confucianism's earlier beliefs, resulting in a Confucian resurgence.

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