Verified answer

Sex-linked Genes

A. Character: wild-type eye color red (R) is dominant over white (r)

: Phenotype : Red eye; Gender: Female

Y : Phenotype : Red eye; Gender: Male

Y : Phenotype : White eye; Gender: Male

: Phenotype : Red eye; Gender: Female

: Phenotype : White eye; Gender: Female

B. Character: normal/ non-bleeder (H) is dominant over hemophiliac/ bleeder (h)

Y : Phenotype : normal/ non-bleeder; Gender: Male

Y : Phenotype : hemophiliac/ bleeder; Gender: Male

: Phenotype : normal/ non-bleeder; Gender: Female

: Phenotype : hemophiliac/ bleeder; Gender: Female

: Phenotype : normal/ non-bleeder; Gender: Female

Explanation:

The 23rd pair of chromosomes of humans are known as the sex chromosomes. The two sex chromosomes are the X and Y chromosomes. Female has XX chromosomes while males have XY chromosomes.

A sex-linked trait can be found in a gene or allele that is located on the sex chromosomes. A trait that is determined by the allele on the X chromosome is described as an X-linked trait while a trait that is determined by the Y allele is said to be a Y-linked trait.

For X-linked traits, as human females have two X chromosomes, they can be either homozygous or heterozygous. While males have only one X chromosome, they can either express the trait or do not express the trait. Thus, X-linked traits are more common in males, as the trait cannot be masked by a second allele.

For Y-linked traits, only males will have these traits.

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