Answer:

a.The rise of parties is directly associated with representative form of Democracy. Owing to large territory and large population it is not possible for people to assemble together and make policies for themselves, hence representatives from parties are to be chosen.

b. With more and more countries becoming democratic, which was not the case 100 years ago , it is imperative for them to have political parties as not having parties will lead to chaos and turmoil in the society.It would be against the democratic principles.

c. A highly diverse, large and complex societies need a medium that would represent their interests and establish a link between the government and people.

d. Existence of political parties in a representative democracy ensures that country runs as per its policies and ideologies and have a responsible accountable government which is answerable to the people.

Answer:

Explanation:

Now there are only a few countries that don't have political parties because:

1. Contesting elections: In most elections around the world, parties put up candidates who compete in the elections. Different countries have different way of selecting candidates like in India, top leaders choose.

2. Making policies and programmes: Parties make and support policies and programmes according to the various opinions and interests of people. The government usually follows the programmes of the ruling party.

3. Making Laws: The legislature debate and make the laws. Most of the members would belong to a party so they adhere to the party's decisions and not personal ones usually.

4. Forming governments: The big decisions are taken by the political executives who are chosen and are part of the winning party. Hence, they form and run government.

5. Role of opposition: Those who lose the elections become the opposition and they question and criticise the policies of the government. They represent different views and keep the ruling party in check.