a2 - b2 = (a + b) * (a - b) Example: x2 - 16 = (x + 4) * (x - 4) Note that here, a = x and b = 4.
a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2. Example: x2 + 4xy + 4y2 = (x + 2y)2. Note that here, a = x and b = 2y.
a2 - 2ab + b2 = (a - b)2. Example: 4x2 - 4xy + y2 = (2x - y)2. Note that here, a = 2x and b = y.


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