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4. If the plasma membrane of a cell ruptures or breaks down, it would lead to the loss of cell integrity and the inability to maintain a stable internal environment. The plasma membrane is crucial for regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell. If it is damaged, the cell would become more permeable, allowing ions and molecules to freely enter and exit, which could disrupt cellular processes.

5. If there was no Golgi apparatus in a cell, several essential functions would be affected. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Without the Golgi apparatus:

- Proteins and lipids synthesized in the ER would not be properly processed and modified.

- There would be no proper sorting of proteins to their appropriate cellular destinations.

- Vesicles containing proteins and lipids would not be formed, affecting intracellular transport.

- Secretory vesicles carrying substances for release outside the cell would not be produced.

6. The organelle known as the powerhouse of the cell is the mitochondria. Mitochondria are called the powerhouse because they are responsible for generating most of the cell's adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy currency of the cell. ATP is produced through cellular respiration, a process that takes place in the mitochondria and converts nutrients (such as glucose) and oxygen into ATP.

7. Amoebas obtain their food through a process called phagocytosis. Amoebas are single-celled organisms, and they move by extending their cell membrane outwards to form pseudopodia (false feet). When they encounter food particles, they surround and engulf the food using their pseudopodia, forming a food vacuole. Once the food is enclosed within the vacuole, it fuses with lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes. These enzymes break down the food into smaller, digestible molecules, which are then absorbed by the cell for nourishment. Phagocytosis is a vital process for amoebas as it allows them to obtain nutrients and energy for survival.

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