3. Common risk factors of NCDs are modifiable but thers ste non-modifiable. Smoking, Alcoholism, Unhealthy diet, prejsical inactivity, stress, environmental pollution and socio-economic condition see this modifiable RFs while genetics, age, sex and tece sre non-modifiable?
draw a heart shape if the statement is correct and a circle if not
draw a heart shape if the statement is correct and a circle if not
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Risk factors
Modifiable behavioural risk factors
Modifiable behaviours, such as tobacco use, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet and the harmful use of alcohol, all increase the risk of NCDs.
Tobacco accounts for over 7.2 million deaths every year (including from the effects of exposure to second-hand smoke), and is projected to increase markedly over the coming years (1).
4.1 million annual deaths have been attributed to excess salt/sodium intake (1).
More than half of the 3.3 million annual deaths attributable to alcohol use are from NCDs, including cancer (2).
1.6 million deaths annually can be attributed to insufficient physical activity (1).
Metabolic risk factors
Metabolic risk factors contribute to four key metabolic changes that increase the risk of NCDs:
raised blood pressure;
overweight/obesity;
hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels); and
hyperlipidemia (high levels of fat in the blood).
In terms of attributable deaths, the leading metabolic risk factor globally is elevated blood pressure (to which 19% of global deaths are attributed)(1), followed by overweight and obesity and raised blood glucose.