Answer:

1. Heredity and genetics are directly related. Genetics includes all the traits that you have that are encoded into your genes.

2.Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).

3.Down Syndrome

Typically, the nucleus of an individual cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, but Down syndrome occurs when the 21st chromosome is copied an extra time in all or some cells. Nurse practitioners and physicians commonly perform detailed prenatal screening tests, like blood tests, that detect quantities of chromosomal material and other substances in a mother’s blood. This type of testing can determine, with high accuracy, whether or not a child will be born with Down syndrome. When a person is diagnosed with Down syndrome, they are likely to exhibit varying levels of mild to severe cognitive delays. Other markers of Down syndrome include a higher disposition for congenital heart defects, low muscle tone, smaller physical stature, and an upward slant to the eyes. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately one in every 700 babies born in the US will have Down syndrome. Also, the older a mother is at the time of birth, the more likely the child is to have Down syndrome.