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Separating Compounds and Mixtures

c. Seawater: evaporation; Sandy water: filtration

Explanation:

Compounds are pure substances that are made of two or more elements that are chemically bonded. Since they are chemically bonded, cannot be separated by physical means. Chemical separation is needed to separate the components. One example is electrolysis. Electrolysis is a method of separating bonded elements and compounds by passing an electric current through them.

Mixtures, on the other hand, are a physical combination of two or more substances. No chemical reactions are involved nor chemical bonds are formed in mixtures. Thus, components can be easily separated.

Below are some techniques in separating components of mixtures:

1. Picking or physical manipulation can be used to separate mixtures that are made of components that are large in size. An example of a mixture that can be separated by this is separating the components of mixed nuts.
2. The use of a magnet is a technique used to separate magnetic from non-magnetic substances. An example of a mixture that we can use this technique is separating the iron nails from the sand.
3. Sieving is a separation technique used to separate components of mixtures are of different sizes. The smaller particles will fall through the openings in the sieve, while the larger particles stay behind. An example of a mixture that can be separated by this is the gravel and sand mixture. Sand will pass through the sieve, leaving behind the gravel.
4. Filtration is a separation method that is used to separate out components of mixtures that are of different states/phases and by which particles are small to be captured by a sieve. The component which is large enough in size to be captured by a filter are separated from the mixture. An example of a mixture that can be separated by this is the sandy water mixture.
5. Evaporation is a technique to separate out homogenous mixtures where there are one or more dissolved solids. By heating the solution, the liquid components are allowed to evaporate leaving the solid components. This process is continued until no liquid is left in the solution. An example of a mixture that can be separated by this technique is seawater. As the mixture is heated, water evaporates leaving behind the salt.
6. Distillation is a separation method to separate mixtures that is made of two or more pure liquids. The process will separate liquids of different boiling points wherein the more volatile liquid, evaporates, condenses, and separated. An example of a mixture that can be separated by this is the alcohol and water mixture.
7. Chromatography is the separation process wherein letting the solution or suspension pass through a medium in which the components move at different rates.

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