Andrewsarchus was a large mammal that lived in the Paleogene period. It was an early artiodactyl (hoofed animal), related to hippos and whales. Andrewsarchus was discovered in Mongolia by naturalist Roy Chapman Andrews, after whom the genus was subsequently named.
Andrewsarchus was a large-snouted predator, and, based on skull measurements, may have been the largest ever carnivorous mammal (that lived on land).
2.Basilosaurus
Basilosaurus BW
Although its name, which includes the word ‘saurus’, suggests that Basilosaurus was a reptile, it was later found to be a mammal. In fact, Basilosaurus was an early whale that lived in the Eocene epoch of the Paleogene period.
Basilosaurus was around 21 m (70 ft.) long and had a 1.5 m (5 ft.) skull. Its jaws were full of long, dagger-like teeth. Analysis of its skull suggests that it may have had the strongest bite force of any animal!
3.Brygmophyseter
Brygmophyseter BW
Brygmophyseter was an early sperm whale that lived in the Miocene epoch. Its name means ‘biting sperm whale’, and for good reason; its teeth were up to 14 cm (5.5 in.) long, and it was an apex predator. Brygmophyseter grew to around 7 m (23 ft.) long,
4.Castoroides
Giant Pleistocene Beaver, Castoroides ohioensis
Castoroides was a 2.5 m (8 ft.) long giant beaver that lived in North America during the Pleistocene epoch. It is the largest beaver ever to have lived, but it had a small brain in proportion to its body size and may not have been as smart as its modern day counterpart.
Coelodonta is also known as the woolly rhinoceros. This huge animal was covered with thick fur and had two large horns on its nose. It was found in Europe, Africa and Asia, and several species have been identified. Coelodonta lived during the last ice age.
6.Entelodon
Entelodon Sp Illustration
Entelodon was a hoofed animal that lived in the Paleogene period. Originally thought to be a type of prehistoric pig, it is now believed to be more closely related to whales and hippos. It lived in North America, Europe and Asia from the mid-Paleocene to the early Neogene period.
7.Glyptodon
Glyptodon-1
Glyptodon was a giant armadillo of the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. With a shell that was around 1.5 m (5 ft.) in length, and a total body length of around 3.3 m (11 ft.), it would have been an impressive sight walking through the South American forests and grasslands in which it lived.
8.Hyaenodon
Hyaenodon Heinrich Harder
Hyaenodon is a genus of large carnivorous mammals that lived from the Eocene to the mid Miocene epochs. The largest Hyaenodons were among the largest predators of their time. With a long skull, and powerful, doglike body, it would have had little to fear from most other animals.
9.Mastodon
Mammut americanum Sergiodlarosa
The Mastodon was an ancestor of the elephant that walked the Earth in the Pleistocene epoch, around 10,000 to 11,000 years ago. It had long tusks and a trunk, and lived in the forests of North America.
10.Megalania
Varanus priscus BW
Megalania is the largest known lizard. It lived in Australia in the Pleistocene epoch. A carnivorous reptile, Megalania is related to modern-day goannas.
Extrayarn.
Megalodon
Megalodon NT
Megalodon, whose name means ‘mighty tooth’, was an early shark that lived during the Neogene period. Reaching 18 m (59 ft.) in length, it is not only the largest shark ever to have lived, but also one of the world’s largest ever predators.
You can read more about Megalodon here: Megalodon Facts
Megatherium
Megatherium NT small
Megatherium was a giant ground sloth that lived in South America from the Pliocene to the end of the Pleistocene. Thought to have weighed up to 4 tonnes, and being 6 m (20 ft.) in length, it was one of the biggest animals of its day. Megatherium had large claws, which may have been used for burrowing rather than for climbing.
Mesonychids / Mesonyx
Mesonyx
Mesonyx was a prehistoric animal that resembled a wolf but had hoofed feet. It was a member of the Mesonychid group of carnivorous animals. It lived in America from the early to the mid Paleogene period.
Paraceratherium
Paraceratherium transouralicum skull
This huge, hornless rhino lived during the Oligocene epoch. Paraceratherium had a long neck and thick, sturdy legs. It had tusk-like front teeth and fossils suggest that it may have had a short trunk. Weighing up to 20 tonnes, and standing up to 4.8 m (16 ft.) tall, it may even have been the largest land mammal ever to have lived.
Phorusrhacos Longissimus (Terror Bird)
Phorusrhacos
Phorusrhacos Longissimus was a species in the Phorusrhacidae family, a group of animals which are also known as ‘terror birds’. These huge, flightless meat-eaters lived up to their name, being equipped with powerful hooked beaks and large claws.
Living in South American during the Miocene epoch, Phorusrhacos Longissimus was likely to have been an apex predator.
Answers & Comments
1.Andrewsarchus
Andrewsarchus DB
Andrewsarchus was a large mammal that lived in the Paleogene period. It was an early artiodactyl (hoofed animal), related to hippos and whales. Andrewsarchus was discovered in Mongolia by naturalist Roy Chapman Andrews, after whom the genus was subsequently named.
Andrewsarchus was a large-snouted predator, and, based on skull measurements, may have been the largest ever carnivorous mammal (that lived on land).
2.Basilosaurus
Basilosaurus BW
Although its name, which includes the word ‘saurus’, suggests that Basilosaurus was a reptile, it was later found to be a mammal. In fact, Basilosaurus was an early whale that lived in the Eocene epoch of the Paleogene period.
Basilosaurus was around 21 m (70 ft.) long and had a 1.5 m (5 ft.) skull. Its jaws were full of long, dagger-like teeth. Analysis of its skull suggests that it may have had the strongest bite force of any animal!
3.Brygmophyseter
Brygmophyseter BW
Brygmophyseter was an early sperm whale that lived in the Miocene epoch. Its name means ‘biting sperm whale’, and for good reason; its teeth were up to 14 cm (5.5 in.) long, and it was an apex predator. Brygmophyseter grew to around 7 m (23 ft.) long,
4.Castoroides
Giant Pleistocene Beaver, Castoroides ohioensis
Castoroides was a 2.5 m (8 ft.) long giant beaver that lived in North America during the Pleistocene epoch. It is the largest beaver ever to have lived, but it had a small brain in proportion to its body size and may not have been as smart as its modern day counterpart.
5.Coelodonta
Woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) - Mauricio Antón
Coelodonta is also known as the woolly rhinoceros. This huge animal was covered with thick fur and had two large horns on its nose. It was found in Europe, Africa and Asia, and several species have been identified. Coelodonta lived during the last ice age.
6.Entelodon
Entelodon Sp Illustration
Entelodon was a hoofed animal that lived in the Paleogene period. Originally thought to be a type of prehistoric pig, it is now believed to be more closely related to whales and hippos. It lived in North America, Europe and Asia from the mid-Paleocene to the early Neogene period.
7.Glyptodon
Glyptodon-1
Glyptodon was a giant armadillo of the Pliocene and Pleistocene epochs. With a shell that was around 1.5 m (5 ft.) in length, and a total body length of around 3.3 m (11 ft.), it would have been an impressive sight walking through the South American forests and grasslands in which it lived.
8.Hyaenodon
Hyaenodon Heinrich Harder
Hyaenodon is a genus of large carnivorous mammals that lived from the Eocene to the mid Miocene epochs. The largest Hyaenodons were among the largest predators of their time. With a long skull, and powerful, doglike body, it would have had little to fear from most other animals.
9.Mastodon
Mammut americanum Sergiodlarosa
The Mastodon was an ancestor of the elephant that walked the Earth in the Pleistocene epoch, around 10,000 to 11,000 years ago. It had long tusks and a trunk, and lived in the forests of North America.
10.Megalania
Varanus priscus BW
Megalania is the largest known lizard. It lived in Australia in the Pleistocene epoch. A carnivorous reptile, Megalania is related to modern-day goannas.
Extra yarn.
Megalodon
Megalodon NT
Megalodon, whose name means ‘mighty tooth’, was an early shark that lived during the Neogene period. Reaching 18 m (59 ft.) in length, it is not only the largest shark ever to have lived, but also one of the world’s largest ever predators.
You can read more about Megalodon here: Megalodon Facts
Megatherium
Megatherium NT small
Megatherium was a giant ground sloth that lived in South America from the Pliocene to the end of the Pleistocene. Thought to have weighed up to 4 tonnes, and being 6 m (20 ft.) in length, it was one of the biggest animals of its day. Megatherium had large claws, which may have been used for burrowing rather than for climbing.
Mesonychids / Mesonyx
Mesonyx
Mesonyx was a prehistoric animal that resembled a wolf but had hoofed feet. It was a member of the Mesonychid group of carnivorous animals. It lived in America from the early to the mid Paleogene period.
Paraceratherium
Paraceratherium transouralicum skull
This huge, hornless rhino lived during the Oligocene epoch. Paraceratherium had a long neck and thick, sturdy legs. It had tusk-like front teeth and fossils suggest that it may have had a short trunk. Weighing up to 20 tonnes, and standing up to 4.8 m (16 ft.) tall, it may even have been the largest land mammal ever to have lived.
Phorusrhacos Longissimus (Terror Bird)
Phorusrhacos
Phorusrhacos Longissimus was a species in the Phorusrhacidae family, a group of animals which are also known as ‘terror birds’. These huge, flightless meat-eaters lived up to their name, being equipped with powerful hooked beaks and large claws.
Living in South American during the Miocene epoch, Phorusrhacos Longissimus was likely to have been an apex predator.
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