Answer:

Explanation:

When predicting how atomic radius will change as you move along the periodic table, remember these two trends.

1. As you move down the table in a given group, the atomic radius of the atoms will increase.

2. As you move left to right in a given period, the atomic radius will decrease.

Knowing this, we can compare the possible options. Sulfur and chlorine are in the lowest period, so they have the largest atomic radii. Because sulfur is to the left of chlorine on the periodic table, it will have a larger atomic radius. As a result, sulfur has the largest atomic radius out of the possible options.

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The Periodic Table : Example Question #7

Which of the following atoms has the smallest atomic radius?

Possible Answers:

Fluorine

Nitrogen

Sulfur

Oxygen

Chlorine

Correct answer:

Fluorine

Explanation:

As you move across a single period (row) on the periodic table, the atomic radius of each successive atom decreases. As you move down a single group (column), the atomic radius of each successive atom increases. As you move down a group, the maximum energy level of the valence shell increases, thus increasing the size of the electron cloud and atomic radius. As you move across a period to the right, the number of protons in the nucleus increases. This also increases the attraction between the positively-charged nucleus and negatively-charged electrons, pulling the electrons in tighter and reducing the atomic radius.

The smallest atoms are going to be located toward the upper right of the periodic table. Of our given answer choices, fluorine is the closest to the upper right, and thus has the smallest radius.

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The Periodic Table : Example Question #8

Which of the following values does not increase as you move left to right in a period of the periodic table?

Possible Answers:

Electronegativity

Ionization energy

Electron affinity

Atomic radius

Correct answer:

Atomic radius

Explanation:

Atomic radius will decrease as you move to the right, because the atomic number of the element will be increasing. This results in a more positively charged nucleus that pulls the electrons closer to the center. As a result, atomic radius will notably decrease from left to right.

Electronegativity, ionization energy, and electron affinity all increase to the right of the periodic table.

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The Periodic Table : Example Question #9

List the following elements in order of decreasing atomic radius.

Neon, fluorine, chlorine, oxygen, sodium, magnesium

Possible Answers:

O,Ne,F,Na,Mg,S,Cl

Na,Mg,O,S,Ne,F,Cl

Ne,Na,Mg,S,Cl,O,F

Na,Mg,S,Cl,O,Ne,F

Na,Mg,O,S,F,Cl,Ne

Correct answer:

Na,Mg,S,Cl,O,Ne,F

Explanation:

Within the same period of the periodic table, atomic radii decrease as there are more charged particles to attract one another, and within the same group, atomic radii increases. The increase from the ascending group generally speaking is larger than the decrease down a period.

Four of the elements listed are within the same period, so we will place those four elements in order of decreasing atomic radii:

Na,Mg,S,Cl

Now we simply have to place Neon, Fluorine, and Oxygen, which are in the same period. The trend of decreasing radii with increasing atomic number is not true for noble gases, as they have a complete octet and are slightly larger to offset electron-electron repulsion from the octet. In order of decreasing atomic radius:

O,Ne,F

The increase from the octet is less than the increase from electron-electron repulsion.

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The Periodic Table : Example Question #10

Which of the following have the largest atomic radii within their respective periods (row)?

Possible Answers:

Alkali metals

Transition metals

Halogens

The noble gases

Correct answer:

Alkali metals

Explanation:

The alkali metals are found in the first group (column) of the periodic table, on the leftmost side. They have only 1 loosely bound electron in their outermost shells, and their effective nuclear charge values are low, giving them the largest atomic radii of all the elements in their periods.

Explanation:

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