Answer:

1. due south in the Northern Hemisphere, and due north in the Southern Hemisphere.
2. 30° and at 3 pm is 45°. From the problem data, we have P = 1 m, G = 0.5 m, H = 2 m, β = 75°, and Zs = 0°. Therefore, from Eqs.
3. As Earth orbits our Sun, the position of its axis relative to the Sun changes. This results in a change in the observed height of our Sun above the horizon. For any given location on Earth, our Sun is observed to trace a higher path above the horizon in the summer, and a lower path in the winter.