1. What are monsoon winds? 2. What is thunderstorm? 3. Define sea breeze and land breeze? 4. What generates wind currents? 5. Name the instrument used to measure speed of winds. 6. How does a thunderstorm develop? 7. What is the role of temperature in the formation of wind? 8. What happens to air pressure when wind speed is increased? 9. When does the wind become stormy? 10. Which parts of the regions get maximum heat from the sun? 11. Why are trees uprooted during a storm? 12. What are the precautions to be taken during thunderstorm?
Answers & Comments
1. Monsoon winds are seasonal winds that bring heavy rainfall. They occur due to temperature differences between land and sea, causing a change in atmospheric pressure.
2. A thunderstorm is a weather phenomenon characterized by lightning, thunder, heavy rain, and sometimes hail. It is caused by the rapid upward movement of warm, moist air that cools and condenses, leading to the formation of cumulonimbus clouds.
3. Sea breeze and land breeze are local winds caused by temperature differences between the land and the sea. During the day, the land heats up faster than the sea, causing air to rise over the land and draw in cooler air from the sea, creating a sea breeze. At night, the land cools more rapidly, and the process reverses, leading to a land breeze.
4. Wind currents are generated by the uneven heating of the Earth's surface. The sun's energy heats the Earth unevenly, causing variations in temperature and pressure, which in turn create air movements or wind currents.
5. An anemometer is the instrument used to measure the speed of winds.
6. Thunderstorms develop when warm, moist air rises rapidly, cools, and condenses to form cumulonimbus clouds. The upward movement of air creates strong updrafts, and the collision of rising and descending air masses within the cloud generates electrical charges, leading to lightning and thunder.
7. Temperature plays a crucial role in wind formation. Differential heating of the Earth's surface creates variations in air temperature and pressure, driving the movement of air masses and generating winds.
8. When wind speed increases, air pressure tends to decrease. This is described by Bernoulli's principle, which states that as the speed of a fluid (such as air) increases, its pressure decreases.
9. Wind becomes stormy when there is a significant increase in wind speed, often reaching or exceeding the threshold of a storm. This can be caused by various weather conditions, such as low-pressure systems, fronts, or the presence of a tropical cyclone.
10. Regions near the equator receive maximum heat from the sun due to the direct angle of sunlight. These areas are characterized by high temperatures throughout the year and are known as the tropics.
11. Trees can be uprooted during a storm due to the strong winds associated with the storm. The force of the wind, combined with saturated soil from heavy rainfall, makes it easier for trees to be uprooted.
12. Precautions during a thunderstorm include staying indoors, away from windows, avoiding electrical appliances, and not taking shelter under tall objects or trees. It's also important to stay informed about weather forecasts and warnings.
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