1. Titanium combines readily with oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen, all of which have an adverse effect on its mechanical properties. As a result, titanium must be processed in their absence.
(Illustrated World of Science Encyclopedia)
Premise:
Conclusion:
2. It really does matter if you get enough sleep. We need sleep to think clearly, react quickly, and create memories. Studies show that people who are taught mentally challenging tasks do better after a good night’s sleep. Other research suggests that sleep is needed for creative problem-solving.
(U.S. National Institutes of Health, “Your Guide to Healthy Sleep”)
Premise 1:
Premise 2:
Premise 3:
Conclusion:
3. Punishment, when speedy and specific, may suppress undesirable behavior, but it cannot teach or encourage desirable alternatives. Therefore, it is crucial to use positive techniques to model and reinforce appropriate behavior that the person can use in place of the unacceptable response that has to be suppressed.
(Walter Mischel and Harriet Mischel, Essentials of Psychology)
Premise 1:
Premise 2
Conclusion:
4. Radioactive fallout isn’t the only concern in the aftermath of nuclear explosions. The nations of planet Earth have acquired nuclear weapons with an explosive power equal to more than a million Hiroshima bombs. Studies suggest that explosion of only half these weapons would produce enough soot, smoke, and dust to blanket the Earth, block out the sun and bring on a nuclear winter that would threaten the survival of the human race.
(John W. Hill and Doris K. Kolb, Chemistry for Changing Times, 7th ed.)
Premise 1:
Premise 2:
Conclusion:
5. Poverty offers numerous benefits to the non-poor. Antipoverty programs provide jobs for middle-class professionals in social work, penology, and public health. Such workers’ future advancement is tied to the continued growth of bureaucracies dependent on the existence of poverty.
(J. John Palen, Social Problems)
Premise 1:
Premise 2:
Conclusion:
NOTE:
(Illustrated World of Science Encyclopedia)
Premise:
Conclusion:
2. It really does matter if you get enough sleep. We need sleep to think clearly, react quickly, and create memories. Studies show that people who are taught mentally challenging tasks do better after a good night’s sleep. Other research suggests that sleep is needed for creative problem-solving.
(U.S. National Institutes of Health, “Your Guide to Healthy Sleep”)
Premise 1:
Premise 2:
Premise 3:
Conclusion:
3. Punishment, when speedy and specific, may suppress undesirable behavior, but it cannot teach or encourage desirable alternatives. Therefore, it is crucial to use positive techniques to model and reinforce appropriate behavior that the person can use in place of the unacceptable response that has to be suppressed.
(Walter Mischel and Harriet Mischel, Essentials of Psychology)
Premise 1:
Premise 2
Conclusion:
4. Radioactive fallout isn’t the only concern in the aftermath of nuclear explosions. The nations of planet Earth have acquired nuclear weapons with an explosive power equal to more than a million Hiroshima bombs. Studies suggest that explosion of only half these weapons would produce enough soot, smoke, and dust to blanket the Earth, block out the sun and bring on a nuclear winter that would threaten the survival of the human race.
(John W. Hill and Doris K. Kolb, Chemistry for Changing Times, 7th ed.)
Premise 1:
Premise 2:
Conclusion:
5. Poverty offers numerous benefits to the non-poor. Antipoverty programs provide jobs for middle-class professionals in social work, penology, and public health. Such workers’ future advancement is tied to the continued growth of bureaucracies dependent on the existence of poverty.
(J. John Palen, Social Problems)
Premise 1:
Premise 2:
Conclusion:
NOTE: