1. One of the most critical aspects of all research.
2. any property of a person, thing that varies and is not fixed. They are factors affecting
the result of the study.
3. One which expresses a cause and effect relationship between two or more variables.
4. A statement of denial of relationship, difference or an effect. It is usually expressed in
the negative form of a statement.
5. Formal affirmative statement predicting a single research outcome. It is the very
opposite of what the null hypothesis predicts.
6. A hypothesis is used to describe a phenomenon or foresee a relationship in communication
research.
7. The factor that is varied or manipulated. It is also the assumed cause of a problem.
8. The factor that is measured or observed; the change that is brought about or is affected by
the change in the independent variable; and the "assumed effect" of another variable.
9. The factor that is kept constant all throughout the experiment
10. Is an issue or concern that an investigator presents and justifies in a research study.​