Answer: 1.  

Environmental Externalities

Explanation:

1.Air pollution from fossil fuels can cause acid rain, eutrophication (excessive nutrients that can harm aquatic ecosystems by lowering oxygen levels), damage to crops and forests, and harm to wildlife.

2.Cheap electricity from renewable sources could provide 65 percent of the world's total electricity supply by 2030. It could decarbonize 90 percent of the power sector by 2050, massively cutting carbon emissions and helping to mitigate climate change.

Having large reserves of a valuable fossil fuel such as oil or natural gas can greatly impact a nation.

• Firstly, it can bring in large amounts of revenue through the export of the fossil fuel, which can lead to economic growth and stability. Additionally, this wealth can also be invested into other industries, helping to diversify the economy.
• On the other hand, an over-reliance on a single resource can also make a nation vulnerable to changes in the global market. If the demand for a particular fossil fuel decreases or prices fall, a nation that relies heavily on it for its income may suffer.

The growth of renewable energy in the Middle East could have a significant impact on the region in the future.

• Currently, many Middle Eastern countries are heavily reliant on their oil reserves as a source of income and energy. However, as the demand for renewable energy grows, the reliance on fossil fuels is likely to decrease.
• This shift could mean that the Middle East would need to find new ways to generate income and power, as the demand for their fossil fuels decreases. On the other hand, some countries in the region may see the shift to renewable energy as an opportunity to diversify their energy mix and reduce their dependence on oil, which would provide benefits in terms of energy security and sustainability.

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