Answer:

1. El Nio is a climatic phenomena in which the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean's surface waters warm unusually. El Nino is the "warm phase" of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, which represents a broader phenomena (ENSO).

2. More than 60 million people are affected by El Nio 2015-2016, especially in eastern and southern Africa, the Horn of Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, and the Asia-Pacific area.

3. La Nia is a climatic phenomenon that depicts the cooling of surface ocean waters along the coast of South America's tropical west coast. La Nina is the polar opposite of El Nino, which is characterized by extremely high ocean temperatures in the Pacific Ocean's equatorial area.

4. Wag Himra, East and West Hararghe, and pastoral lands in Shinile and southern Afar are among the worst-affected places by El Nia.