Answer:

1.) Converting 19 to binary:

To convert a decimal number to binary, we divide the number by 2 repeatedly and note the remainder until the quotient becomes zero. Then we read the remainders in reverse order to get the binary representation.

19 ÷ 2 = 9 remainder 1

9 ÷ 2 = 4 remainder 1

4 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 0

2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0

1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1

Reading the remainders in reverse order, we get: 10011

So, 19 in binary is 10011.

2.) Converting 39 to binary:

39 ÷ 2 = 19 remainder 1

19 ÷ 2 = 9 remainder 1

9 ÷ 2 = 4 remainder 1

4 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 0

2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0

1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1

Reading the remainders in reverse order, we get: 100111

So, 39 in binary is 100111.

3.) Converting 41 to binary:

41 ÷ 2 = 20 remainder 1

20 ÷ 2 = 10 remainder 0

10 ÷ 2 = 5 remainder 0

5 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 1

2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0

1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1

Reading the remainders in reverse order, we get: 101001

So, 41 in binary is 101001.