Answer:

1. To convert 19 to binary:

19 ÷ 2 = 9 remainder 1

9 ÷ 2 = 4 remainder 1

4 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 0

2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0

1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1

Reading the remainders in reverse order, we get: 10011

So, 19 in binary is 10011.

2. To convert 39 to binary:

39 ÷ 2 = 19 remainder 1

19 ÷ 2 = 9 remainder 1

9 ÷ 2 = 4 remainder 1

4 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 0

2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0

1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1

Reading the remainders in reverse order, we get: 100111

So, 39 in binary is 100111.

3. To convert 41 to binary:

41 ÷ 2 = 20 remainder 1

20 ÷ 2 = 10 remainder 0

10 ÷ 2 = 5 remainder 0

5 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 1

2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0

1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1

Reading the remainders in reverse order, we get: 101001

So, 41 in binary is 101001.