Answer:

1. Asteroids are leftovers from the formation of our solar system about 4.6 billion years ago. Early on, the birth of Jupiter prevented any planetary bodies from forming in the gap between Mars and Jupiter, causing the small objects that were there to collide with each other and fragment into the asteroids seen today.

Dust particles in the early Solar System collided, forming larger clumps, known as planetesimals. These could grow by attracting more dust with their gravitational fields; some grew large enough to form the planets. Others remained, becoming the asteroids.

2. Comets can approach the Sun from any direction. This suggests that the Öort cloud is spherical. Occasionally, a comet will approach the Sun along a path that takes it close to one of the large planets in the solar system. These gravitational encounters can alter the path of the comet and convert a long period comet into a short period comet. Halley's comet is probably the most famous of the short period comets. It is expected to return to the inner solar system in 2061. We know this, because comets follow the same laws of physics as other objects in our solar system. All comets obey the same rules of motion that hold for the planets. Johannes Kepler first proposed these rules in the early part of the seventeenth century. Kepler's rules are usually stated in the form of three empirical laws :

1. All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus ;

2. A line drawn from the Sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times; and

3. The square of a planet's orbital period is proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis.

If the period (P ) is measured in years and the semi-major axis (a ) is given in astronomical units , Kepler's third law can be written as P 2 = a 3. (One astronomical unit is the semi-major axis of Earth's orbit, which is also the average distance from Earth to the Sun.)

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